Experimental and theoretical investigations of spectroscopic properties of 8-chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine

Muthu, S.; Prasath, M.; Balaji, R.

doi:10.1016/j.saa.2012.12.057

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…in the 3100–3000 cm −1 region. 15 The methylene group at Position 3 of the diazepine ring shows six vibrational modes: symmetric and antisymmetric stretching, scissoring deformation as well as wagging, twisting, and rocking bending modes. The methylene antisymmetric and symmetric C–H stretching vibrations in the ALZ spectrum are reflected by the weak and very weak bands at 2947 and 2852 cm −1 , whereas the bands from the corresponding vibrations from the CH 3 group appear at somewhat higher wavenumbers (2980 and 2930 cm −1 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Approach to Screen the Capability of Raman and Infrared (Mid- and Near-) Spectroscopy for Quantification of Low-Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Content Solid Dosage Forms: The Case of Alprazolam

et al. 2020

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Content uniformity is a critical attribute for potent and low-dosage formulations of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) that, in addition to the formulation parameters, plays pivotal role during pharmaceutical development and production. However, when API content is low, implementing a vibrational spectroscopic analytical tool to monitor the content and blend uniformity remains a challenging task. The aim of this study was to showcase the potentials of mid-infrared (MIR), near-infrared (NIR), and Raman spectroscopy for quantitative analysis of alprazolam (ALZ) in a low-content powder blends with lactose, which is used as a common diluent for tablets produced by direct compression. The offered approach might be further scaled up and exploited for potential application in the process analytical technology (PAT). Partial least square and orthogonal PLS (OPLS) methodologies were employed to build the calibration models from raw and processed spectral data (standard normal variate, first and second derivatives). The models were further compared regarding their main statistical indicators: correlation coefficients, predictivity, root mean square error of estimation (RMSEE), and root mean square error of cross-validation (RMSEEcv). All statistical models presented high regression and predictivity coefficients. The RMSEEcv for the optimal models was 1.118, 0.08, and 0.059% for MIR, NIR, and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. The scarce information content extracted from the ALZ NIR spectra and the major band overlapping with those from lactose monohydrate was the main culprit of poor accuracy in the NIR model, whereas the subsampling instrumental setup (resulting in a non-representative spectral acquisition of the sample) was regarded as a main limitation for the MIR-based calibration model. The OPLS models of the Raman spectra of the powder blends manifested favorable statistical indicators for the accuracy of the calibration model, probably due to the distinctive ALZ Raman pattern resulting in the largest number of predictive spectral points that were used for the mathematical modeling. Furthermore, the Raman scattering calibration model was optimized in narrower scanning range (1700–700 cm−1) and its prediction power was evaluated (root mean square error of prediction, RMSEP = 0.03%). Thus, the Raman spectroscopy presented the most favorable statistical indicators in this comparative study and therefore should be further considered as a PAT for the quantitative determination of ALZ in low-content powder blends.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Approach to Screen the Capability of Raman and Infrared (Mid- and Near-) Spectroscopy for Quantification of Low-Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Content Solid Dosage Forms: The Case of Alprazolam

et al. 2020

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“…Clobazam has been widely used for a number of epilepsy syndromes over the last 40 years. It is distinct from other benzodiazepines in that its molecular structure is characterized by a 1-5 orientation of nitrogen atoms around its heterocyclic ring, rather than a 1-4 [10]. Most analyses of safety in medication trials generally demonstrate excellent tolerance, without serious medication related difficulties [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profound Hypothermia Secondary to Clobazam Use in Epilepsy: A Novel Association

DiFazio

Lavenstein

Demarest

2014

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Clobazam, a 1-5 benzodiazepine, was introduced in the 1970s for the treatment of anxiety and agitation. Antiepileptic properties were recognized, and efficacy in a number of epilepsy syndromes was demonstrated in humans, with good tolerance. Recent reviews are generally favorable, with a relative minimum of medication-related side effects. However, a number of benzodiazepines have been associated with causing hypothermia. To date, this side effect has not been reported with clobazam. We report two cases of profound hypothermia associated with the use of this medication for the treatment of epilepsy. Both children had significant cerebral dysgenesis and were developmentally impaired, but neither had experienced hypothermia before. Temperature dysregulation was resolved with medication withdrawal after an extensive work-up for alternative causes. Hypothermia should be considered as a possible side effect of clobazam, although the exact mechanism is unknown. Appropriate monitoring of temperature is appropriate, and precautions should be offered by caregivers.

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“…The energy difference between the molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) is known as band gap energy, whereas the molecule which has large energy gap means it is hard molecule and small energy gap means it is soft molecule [44][45][46][47][48]. The band gap energy for IRPG molecule is found to be 3.859 eV which implies that IRPG is soft molecule.…”

Section: Global Reactivity Descriptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Flexibility, Intermolecular Interactions and Admet Profiles of Anti-Influenza Agent Isorhapontigenin: A Quantum Chemical and Molecular Docking Study

et al. 2021

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Isorhapontigenin (IRPG) drug emerges as promising efficient inhibitor for H1N1 and H3N2 subtypes which belong to influenza A virus; reported with IC50 value of 35.62 and 63.50 μM respectively.The computed geometrical parameters and vibrational assignments (FT-IR and FT-Raman) are compared with experimental results, these results exhibits good correlation with each other. UV-Vis electronic property reveals that the absorption bands of π→π* transitions, this authorizes that the bands are very strong in the IRPG molecule. The kinetic stability and chemical reactivity of the IRPG molecule was probed through NBO and HOMO-LUMO analysis. Electrophilic and nucleophilic site selectivity of IRPG was explored through MEP map and Fukui function. In molecular docking analysis, the IRPG molecule exhibits the better inhibition constant and binding affinity for H1N1 and H3N2 influenza virus. As a result, the IRPG molecule exposes virtuous biological deeds in nature and it can be performed as a prospective drug candidate for H1N1 and H3N2 viral A influenza.

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Experimental and theoretical investigations of spectroscopic properties of 8-chloro-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]benzodiazepine

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

A Comparative Approach to Screen the Capability of Raman and Infrared (Mid- and Near-) Spectroscopy for Quantification of Low-Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Content Solid Dosage Forms: The Case of Alprazolam

A Comparative Approach to Screen the Capability of Raman and Infrared (Mid- and Near-) Spectroscopy for Quantification of Low-Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient Content Solid Dosage Forms: The Case of Alprazolam

Profound Hypothermia Secondary to Clobazam Use in Epilepsy: A Novel Association

Exploring Flexibility, Intermolecular Interactions and Admet Profiles of Anti-Influenza Agent Isorhapontigenin: A Quantum Chemical and Molecular Docking Study

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