“…Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have been widely applied in the storage of energy-related gases, , greenhouse gas capture/separation, − hydrocarbon separation, heterogeneous catalysis, − and proton conduction. , Recently, MOFs have been utilized in biological research − and medicine. , As drug delivery systems, MOFs can carry drugs on their surfaces through van der Waals’ forces, hydrogen bonds, π–π interactions, coordination bonds, and electrostatic forces. − Although MOFs can be utilized as drug delivery systems by adsorbing or binding the drug on the surface, most MOFs exhibit antimicrobial activity through releasing bioactive metal ions or ligands into the media through the decomposition of metal–ligand bonds. , However, excess metal ion release from metal nanoparticles or MOFs may also be harmful to host tissues, in addition to bacteria. − In order to address this problem, many laboratories are working to increase the stability of metal ions through surface coating. Recently, Ameer et al developed a thermoresponsive hydrogel system with a copper MOF and embedded nanoparticles, which enabled stable and sustained release of copper ions.…”