Experimental and theoretical quantification of the development of damage in fatigue tests of bone and antler

Zioupos, Peter; Wang, Xiao Tong; Currey, John D.

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(96)00001-2

Cited by 122 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The results of the present study are in agreement with previous ones (Zioupos et al, 1996;Taylor et al, 2002). These studies examined cycles to failure vs. stress and damage vs. stress and showed that bone experiences mainly a loss in material stiffness and loss in strength.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…The methods for fatigue analysis are most frequently based on the relation between deformations, stresses and number of loading cycles, and are usually modified to fit the nature of the stress cycle (Sobelman et al, 2004;Zioupos et al, 1996). The number of stress cycles required for a fatigue crack to appear can be determined iteratively with the strain-life method N − ε .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Finite element prediction of fatigue damage growth in cancellous bone

Hambli

Frikha

Toumi

et al. 2015

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering

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Cyclic stresses applied to bones generate fatigue damage that affects the bone stiffness and its elastic modulus. This paper proposes a finite element model for the prediction of fatigue damage accumulation and failure in cancellous bone at continuum scale. The model is based on continuum damage mechanics and incorporates crack closure effects in compression. The propagation of the cracks is completely simulated throughout the damaged area. In this case, the stiffness of the broken element is reduced by 98% to ensure no stress carrying capacities of completely damaged elements.Once a crack is initiated, the propagation direction is simulated by the propagation of the broken elements of the mesh. The proposed model suggests that damage evolves over a real physical time variable (cycles). In order to reduce the computation time, the integration of the damage growth rate is based on the cycle blocks approach. In this approach, the real number of cycles is reduced (divided) into equivalent blocks of cycles. Damage accumulation is computed over the cycle blocks and then extrapolated over the corresponding real cycles. The results show a clear difference between local tensile and compressive stresses on damage accumulation. Incorporating stiffness reduction also produces a redistribution of the peak stresses in the damaged region, which results in a delay in damage fracture.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finite element prediction of fatigue damage growth in cancellous bone

Hambli

Frikha

Toumi

et al. 2015

Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering

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“…The fatigue strength of bovine bone (27) in zerotension loading lies above the prediction line for human material by factors of 1.43 at 2 Hz (Fig. 3 ) and 1.44 at high frequencies (30-125 Hz) (Fig.…”

Section: Bovine and Equine Bone At Physiological Frequencymentioning

confidence: 94%

Fatigue of bone and bones: An analysis based on stressed volume

Taylor

1998

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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The measured fatigue strength of a material can be affected by specimen size:tests using a large stressed volume may show a low fatigue strength due to the increased probability of finding weak regions. A Weibull analysis revealed an important size effect in bone and predicted this effect with an accuracy of 12%. This approach also explained apparent inconsistencies in the published data and made it possible to separate and quantify the effects of frequency, loading mode, and material source. The effect of frequency is the same for human and bovine bone, and the differences between different types of loading (tension, compression, and bending) are small (maximum: 12%). By extrapolating to the volume of whole bones, it is concluded that large bones will have a fatigue strength much lower, by a factor of 2-3, than that measured by conventional tests. Failure within 10(5) cycles is expected to occur at cyclic stresses of 23-30 MPa in human long bones and of 32-43 MPa in bovine bones. Repair is therefore needed to prevent failure at physiological stress levels.

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“…Antler strength is hence crucial in withstanding the tension generated by both males without breaking, and in transferring the forces generated by the hind quarters to the opponent. In fact, antler bone has been shown to be up to three times more resistant than ordinary bone (Zioupos et al 1996), suggesting that this trait might have been under strong selective pressures. Stags with broken antlers have been shown to lose more combats and drop in the hierarchy (Espmark 1964;Lincoln et al 1970).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What does testosterone do for red deer males?

et al. 2008

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Testosterone has been proposed to have a dual effect, enhancing sexual traits while depressing parasite resistance in males. Here, we test this hypothesis in red deer, examining males from captive populations during the whole annual cycle and males from natural populations during the breeding season. We first explored the effects of body size, age and sampling date on testosterone to avoid confounding effects. Our results show that in captive populations seasonal changes in testosterone levels were mirrored by changes in testes size, and that during the rut there was a strong correlation between both. In natural populations, males with higher testosterone levels had larger testes, improved sperm quality, smaller burr diameter, stronger antlers, higher haematocrit levels, and increased nematode parasite load. By contrast, no significant relationship was found between testosterone and spleen size or tick parasite load. We conclude that testosterone (i) improves males' reproductive investment and physical stamina, (ii) improves antler strength but reduces burr diameter, and (iii) imposes a cost in terms of depressed parasite resistance.

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Experimental and theoretical quantification of the development of damage in fatigue tests of bone and antler

Cited by 122 publications

References 38 publications

Finite element prediction of fatigue damage growth in cancellous bone

Finite element prediction of fatigue damage growth in cancellous bone

Fatigue of bone and bones: An analysis based on stressed volume

What does testosterone do for red deer males?

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