“…In order to assess the seismic and hysteresis behavior of structural joints, cyclic loading tests are considered to be an effective method in a range of studies (Karabinis, 2002;Chun et al, 2007;Said, 2009;Sasmal et al, 2010;Metelli et al, 2015). Many researchers have now carried out cyclic loading test studies for reinforced concrete T-columns with reinforced concrete beams (Xiang et al, 2017), strand-inserted precast concrete beam and column joints (Yu et al, 2020), non-coreanchored concrete-encased CFST wall and RC coupling beam joints (Zhou et al, 2020), concrete-encased steel column and steel beam joints (Chu et al, 2018), steel truss-reinforced composite joints (Deng et al, 2018a), and a range of other combined structures (Chen et al, 2015a;Chen et al, 2015b;Xu et al, 2019).…”