Oil
sands exploitation in Alberta relies on water-intensive processes
that result in large amounts of oil sand process-affected water (OSPW).
Tailings ponds are used to store OSPW in accordance with government
regulations. One of the main challenges of these tailings ponds is
the settling of fine particles which, without treatment, would remain
suspended for decades. This study introduces a novel application for
the oxy-cracking technique to enhance fine particle settling through
simultaneous oxidation and cracking reactions: residual bitumen and
hydrocarbons are cracked and solubilized in the liquid phase, freeing
the fine particles to agglomerate and settle faster. The pathway for
this process is determined by the kinetics parameters, and it releases
minimal CO2. A full lumped kinetics model study is presented
to describe the oxy-cracking reaction. Settling enhancement and dewaterability
were studied using the initial settling rate (ISR) and capillary suction
time (CST) methods. After oxy-cracking, the mudline was reduced by
65% within 24 h with no settling observed in the original sample.
CST experiments resulted in fast and easy dewaterability of the consolidated
solids after an oxy-cracking reaction of neat OSPW samples. The oxy-cracking
process outperforms other processes reported in the literature for
diluted samples treated with large amounts of coagulants. Oxy-cracking
and settling enhancement were further confirmed by the characterization
techniques of GC–MS, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and TOC analysis. The
proposed oxy-cracking technique offers new opportunities for the wastewater
treatment of OSPW generated by the oil sands industry.