Hydrogen receives renewed interest as an energy carrier with zero emission. However, major challenges related to production, storage, transportation, and utilization have to be overcome before its implementation. The focus of this article is on the storage of hydrogen in solid state, particularly, as metal hydrides.
The thermodynamics of formation and decomposition of metal hydrides are presented. Next, physical characteristics, thermodynamic properties, and reaction rates, as well as heat and mass transfer characteristics and the important property of effective thermal conductivity of metal hydrides that determine its hydrogen storage capacity, are discussed. Finally, applications of metal hydrides, including refrigeration system, heat transformer, and hydrogen compressor, are reviewed.