Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Covalent Grafting of Triazole Layer onto the Gold Surface

Abstract

<jats:p>Finding novel strategies for surface modification is of great interest in electrochemistry and material sciences. In this study, we present a strategy for modification of a gold electrode through covalent attachment of triazole (TA) groups. Triazole groups were electrochemically grafted at the surface of the electrode by a reduction of in situ generated triazolediazonium cations. The resulting grafted surface was characterized before and after the functionalization process by different electrochemical methods (cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS)) confirming the presence of the grafted layer. The grafting of TA on the electrode surface was confirmed using analysis of surface morphology (by atomic force microscopy), the thickness of the grafted layer (by ellipsometry) and its composition (by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations imply that the grafted triazole offers a stronger platform than the grafted aryl layers.</jats:p>

Oxygen Interactions with Covalently Grafted 2D Nanometric Carboxyphenyl Thin Films—An Experimental and DFT Study

“…The interaction of the oxygen molecules (in vacuum and water using the conductor-like screening model) [23][24][25] with the bare and grafted gold surfaces was evaluated at different reaction sites. The results gave important molecular insight into the adsorption energy and geometry-induced changes brought about by the interaction of oxygen molecule on the grafted interface [26].…”

“…Bond dissociation energy (BDE) is widely used to evaluate the stability of diazonium salt-grafted layers [25][26][27][28]. The computed BDE for the carboxyphenyl group was −52.19 kcal/mol.…”

Oxidative Grafting of Adrenaline onto Carbon Electrode Surface: Preliminary Studies

“…In the case of amines, such modifications are denoted as grafting. This process involves the formation of a covalent bond between the amino group and the electrode surface [2].…”

“…Electrochemical modification of an electrode entails a process where the el undergoes electrochemical treatments to deposit specific chemical species on its Such modifications are conducted to increase sensitivity, reduce detection limits, e selectivity, increase specificity, or enable the analysis of electrochemically compounds [1]. In the case of amines, such modifications are denoted as graftin process involves the formation of a covalent bond between the amino group electrode surface [2].…”

Engineering the Surface Chemistry of Graphite and Graphene by Covalently Anchored Triazole Derivative

“…Nevertheless, there a few studies focusing on this approach have been reported so far. 30,38,39 Particularly, as far as we are aware, on the study at the molecular level of covalent functionalization of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives onto layered material surfaces including graphene has not been addressed yet.…”