Experimental atherosclerosis in rats fed a vitamin D, cholesterol-rich diet.

Kunitomo, Masaru; Kinoshita, Kyoko; Bandô, Yoshio

doi:10.1248/bpb1978.4.718

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…However, the rat is quite resistant and cholesterol feeding alone does not produce atherosclerotic lesions. In previous studies (21,22) as well as in the present one, no significant accumulation of cholesterol in the aorta was observed in rats, despite the fact that sufficient hypercholesterolemia was achieved by cholesterol feeding alone. For the rat, vascular injury in combination with hypercholesterolemia is necessary for lipids to accumulate on the arterial wall (3,8,22,23).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

“…In previous studies (21,22) as well as in the present one, no significant accumulation of cholesterol in the aorta was observed in rats, despite the fact that sufficient hypercholesterolemia was achieved by cholesterol feeding alone. For the rat, vascular injury in combination with hypercholesterolemia is necessary for lipids to accumulate on the arterial wall (3,8,22,23). The present experiments also demon strated that adjuvant treatment in addition to cholesterol feeding is essential for causing cholesterol accumulation in the aorta.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

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Lipid Deposition in the Aorta of Adjuvant Arthritic Rats with Hypercholesterolemia

Kunitomo

Yamaguchi

Futagawa

et al. 1986

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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Abstract-This study offers findings which should aid in the development of a convenient animal model of atherosclerosis.Inbred Fisher strain rats were fed an atherogenic diet containing 1.5% cholesterol and 0.5% cholic acid and given a single subcutaneous injection of adjuvant (Mycobacterium butyricum) into the base of the tail. The animals were maintained for 8 weeks.Rats given the atherogenic diet showed markedly increased serum cholesterol levels, and all of those given the adjuvant injection developed severe polyarthritis. Cholesterol feeding tended to delay the onset of arthritis and remarkably suppressed the inflammatory response, particularly in the early stage of development.This may have been due to the lowered lipid peroxide levels in the serum of rats fed the atherogenic diet. Adjuvant arthritis together with cholesterol feeding markedly increased the cholesterol content of the aorta, whereas either treatment alone had little effect. The amounts of the connective tissue components and minerals in the aorta were not changed by both treatments.These results show that early atherosclerosis could be produced under the conditions used and that chronic inflammation and hypercholesterolemia are principal factors in the pathogenesis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 48%

Lipid Deposition in the Aorta of Adjuvant Arthritic Rats with Hypercholesterolemia

Kunitomo

Yamaguchi

Futagawa

et al. 1986

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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“…Interestingly, an early experimental model of atherosclerosis was the cholesterol-and vitamin D-fed rat, a model without superimposed kidney disease. These rats were given an extremely high dose of vitamin D 2 (1.8 million U/kg) and developed aortic atherosclerosis (29). However, there is potentially an important difference in action depending on the dose of the vitamin D analog.…”

Section: Vascular Calcification and Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamin D Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease and End Stage Renal Disease

Melamed

Thadhani

2012

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

106

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SummaryVitamin D has garnered much research and debate about supplementation in recent years, not only as it pertains to patients with kidney disease but also to those in the general population. This review discusses observational and available clinical trial evidence about the effects of both calcitriol and vitamin D analogs (active) and ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol (nutritional) vitamin D in patients with CKD and ESRD.

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“…These rats were given an extremely high dose of vitamin D2 (1.8 million units/kg), and developed aortic atherosclerosis. 34 It is interesting that animal models of both excessive and insufficient vitamin D develop atherosclerosis and that there is conflicting human data on very high levels and very low levels of 25(OH)D being associated with cardiovascular disease 9 -11 suggesting that there may be an optimal level that is neither too high nor too low.…”

Section: Melamed Et Al Vitamin D and Padmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and the Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease

Melamed

Muntner

Michos

et al. 2008

ATVB

299

219

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Objective-The purpose of this study was to determine the association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) 4 Basic science research indicates that low vitamin D levels may be linked with cardiovascular risk. Vascular smooth muscle cells possess the 1-␣ hydroxylase enzyme that locally activates circulating vitamin D. 5 In animal models, active vitamin D is an inhibitor of the renin-angiotensin system 6 and myocardial cell hypertrophy. 7 Cellular experiments show that active vitamin D and its analogs exhibit anticoagulant activity. 8 Conflicting data are available on the association between low 25(OH)D levels and cardiovascular disease in the general population. 9 -11 Among adults, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels Ն30 ng/mL are considered optimal. 12 These levels are associated with reduced fracture rates and have been postulated to be associated with better health outcomes. 12 The goal of the current study was to evaluate the association between serum 25(OH)D levels and the prevalence of PAD in the general population. To accomplish this goal, we analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of the United States adult population aged Ն40 years in NHANES 2001 to 2004. In addition, elevated serum calcium, phosphate, and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels have been associated with cardiovascular disease in the general population. 13,14 Because these serum markers are associated with vitamin D levels, we assessed the association between these serum markers and PAD in a secondary analysis.

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Experimental atherosclerosis in rats fed a vitamin D, cholesterol-rich diet.

Cited by 40 publications

References 22 publications

Lipid Deposition in the Aorta of Adjuvant Arthritic Rats with Hypercholesterolemia

Lipid Deposition in the Aorta of Adjuvant Arthritic Rats with Hypercholesterolemia

Vitamin D Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease and End Stage Renal Disease

Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and the Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease

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