Experimental Bovine Hypodermosis in Spain

Reina, David; Martínez-Moreno, F.J.; Gutiérrez-Palomino, P.; Scholl, P. J.; Hernández-Rodríguez, S.; Navarrete, Ignacio

doi:10.1603/0022-2585-37.2.210

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…20 Hypoderma bovis was, on admission, considered an unlikely cause of the neurologic disorder in these calves given the large number of calves affected and earlier season of the year than would be expected for Hypoderma bovis-induced spinal cord disease. 18 In contrast to the eosinophilic pleocytosis seen in the acute cases of parelaphostrongylosis in the current study, a lymphocytic pleocytosis (80-94% lymphocytes, with only 0-10% eosinophils) was seen in the CSF from more chronic cases or treated cases (clinical signs present for at least 1 month). These results suggest that an eosinophilic pleocytosis in CSF might be present only during the acute stages of parasite migration in calves and that the pleocytosis becomes more lymphocytic with chronicity or following treatment.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Diagnosis of Parelaphostrongylus spp. infection as a cause of meningomyelitis in calves

et al. 2011

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Abstract. Migration of Parelaphostrongylus spp. has been documented to cause central nervous system damage in a number of aberrant host species but appears to be uncommon in cattle. The current report describes the clinical and laboratory findings, antemortem and definitive diagnosis, and response to treatment of Parelaphostrongylus spp. infection in five 3-7-month-old Limousin calves from 2 farms. All calves had signs of acute (n = 2) and chronic (n = 3) progressive spinal cord dysfunction. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed a marked eosinophilic (acute cases) or lymphocytic (chronic cases) pleocytosis and elevated protein in all calves. A necropsy and histopathologic evaluation was performed on 2 euthanized calves, and histopathology revealed lymphoplasmacytic and eosinophilic meningomyelitis with multiple intradural and intramedullary expansile hyperplastic lymphoid nodules containing germinal centers and nematode fragments. DNA sequencing was performed on nested polymerase chain reaction products amplified with parasite-specific primers obtained from formalinfixed and frozen spinal cord; PCR products from these 2 calves were 100% identical to Parelaphostrongylus species on DNA sequencing, confirming the diagnosis. Surviving calves rapidly improved following treatment with anthelmintics and corticosteroids. This case series identified Parelaphostrongylus spp. (likely P. tenuis) as a cause of spinal cord disease in calves and highlights the need for vigilance against aberrant parasite migration in calves grazing wet, snail-infested pastures. Cerebrospinal fluid eosinophilia is useful for supporting an antemortem diagnosis of Parelaphostrongylus in calves with acute neurologic disease; however, a lymphocytosis is observed in chronic or treated cases.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 92%

Diagnosis of Parelaphostrongylus spp. infection as a cause of meningomyelitis in calves

et al. 2011

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“…The third‐instar larva is walnut sized and is found in the lump, or warble, on the back of the cow. It is 25 mm long, white to light brown, and appears segmented 13,60 …”

Section: Hypodermosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are two species of Hypoderma that affect cattle. H. lineatum appears at the start of warm weather and remains for 2 months 60 . H. bovis appears after H. lineatum and persists throughout the summer months 60 .…”

Section: Hypodermosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…H. lineatum appears at the start of warm weather and remains for 2 months 60 . H. bovis appears after H. lineatum and persists throughout the summer months 60 . The eggs of H. lineatum and H. bovis hatch within 1 week and the larvae burrow through the skin, migrating in the connective tissue.…”

Section: Hypodermosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The eggs of H. lineatum and H. bovis hatch within 1 week and the larvae burrow through the skin, migrating in the connective tissue. Five months later, the larvae of H. lineatum accumulate in the tissues of the oesophagus, where they stay for 3 months 60 …”

Section: Hypodermosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Myiasis as a risk factor for prion diseases in humans

Lupi

2006

Acad Dermatol Venereol

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Prion diseases are transmissible spongiform encephalopathies of humans and animals. The oral route is clearly associated with some prion diseases, according to the dissemination of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or mad cow disease) in cattle and kuru in humans. However, other prion diseases such as scrapie (in sheep) and chronic wasting disease (CWD) (in cervids) cannot be explained in this way and are probably more associated with a pattern of horizontal transmission in both domestic and wild animals. The skin and mucous membranes are a potential target for prion infections because keratinocytes and lymphocytes are susceptible to the abnormal infective isoform of the prion protein. Iatrogenic transmission of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) was also recognized after corneal transplants in humans and scrapie was successfully transmitted to mice after ocular instillation of infected brain tissue, confirming that these new routes could also be important in prion infections. Some ectoparasites have been proven to harbour prion rods in laboratory experiments. Prion rods were identified in both fly larvae and pupae; adult flies are also able to express prion proteins. The most common causes of myiasis in cattle and sheep, closely related animals with previous prion infections, are Hypoderma bovis and Oestrus ovis, respectively. Both species of flies present a life cycle very different from human myiasis, as they have a long contact with neurological structures, such as spinal canal and epidural fat, which are potentially rich in prion rods. Ophthalmomyiases in humans is commonly caused by both species of fly larvae worldwide, providing almost direct contact with the central nervous system (CNS). The high expression of the prion protein on the skin and mucosa and the severity of the inflammatory response to the larvae could readily increase the efficiency of transmission of prions in both animals and humans.

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First report of Przhevalskiana silenus derived recombinant hypodermin C based indirect ELISA for serodiagnosis of goat warble fly myiasis

Yadav

Rafiqi

Yadav

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Goat warble fly infestation (GWFI) is a subcutaneous myiasis caused by larvae of Przhevalskiana silenus, an insect belonging to the order Diptera. The diagnosis of GWFI is challenging in the early larval instars (L1 and L2) as they are occult under the skin and hair coat causing prolonged economic loss in form of meat and hide damage. This necessitates early diagnosis for disease control at herd level and its prophylactic management to prevent economic losses. Hypodermins, a class of serine proteases from Hypoderminae subfamily have been used as serodiagnostic antigens for the past four decades for diagnosis of warble fly myiasis. In this study,the immunodominant antigen Hypodermin C (HyC) from P. silenus has been recombinantly expressed in E. coli and immunogenic characterisation of expressed protein was done. The protein shows hallmark residues in conserved cysteine and catalytic triad typical of serine proteases along with similar profile of immunoreactivity towards Hypoderminae infestation. The present study reports an optimised indirect-ELISA based on recombinant HyC derived from P. silenus for early diagnosis of GWFI. The optimised indirect ELISA provides a sensitive and specific immunodiagnostic for mass surveillance of the GWFI with diagnostic specificity and sensitivity of 96% and 100%, respectively and not showing any cross reactivity against other important parasitic and bacterial diseases of goats. This study presents the first report of indirect ELISA based on recombinant Hypodermin C antigen derived from P. silenus for the serosurveillance of goat warble fly disease.

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Experimental Bovine Hypodermosis in Spain

Cited by 4 publications

References 7 publications

Diagnosis of Parelaphostrongylus spp. infection as a cause of meningomyelitis in calves

Diagnosis of Parelaphostrongylus spp. infection as a cause of meningomyelitis in calves

Myiasis as a risk factor for prion diseases in humans

First report of Przhevalskiana silenus derived recombinant hypodermin C based indirect ELISA for serodiagnosis of goat warble fly myiasis

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