Experimental Campaign of Massive CO2 Atmospheric Releases in an Urban Area

Abstract

Over recent decades, several campaigns have been carried out to collect data regarding the release and atmospheric dispersion of dense chemical products in an open field. All these experimental data are valuable information to challenge the predictions of numerical tools (Gaussian, integral-type, and CFD) and, if needed, to improve the code itself and the way we are using it. On the other hand, little attention has been paid to atmospheric dispersion releases with massive flow rates in a complex urban environment. To fill this gap, Ineris carried out an experimental campaign intended to study the atmospheric dispersion of massive CO2 releases on the CENZUB site (an action training center in an urban area located in Sissonne, France). Three CO2 releases were performed with mass flow rates of about 7 kg/s in three different configurations: one axial street release and two impacting releases (against a small and high-rise building). Several technologies of CO2 sensors were used to ensure better measurement accuracy. The main experimental campaign features and preliminary data analysis are presented. The results demonstrated the influence of the built environment on dispersion patterns.

Comprehensive Review on Leakage Characteristics and Diffusion Laws of Carbon Dioxide Pipelines

“…However, many studies overlook the influence of obstacles on carbon dioxide diffusion patterns. To address this gap, Joubert et al 113 conducted experiments on carbon dioxide release at CENZUB, a city training center in Sissonne, France, elucidating the influence of obstacles on the diffusion behavior.…”

“…Figure 20. Pictures of the release configuration for the three experiments: (a) impacting release against a high-rise building, (b)axial street release, (c) impacting release against a small building 113. …”

“…Figure 21. Mean concentrations cartography in log color scale: (a) axial street release, (b) impacting release against a small building 113. …”

Numerical Analysis of the Effects of Different Window-Opening Strategies on the Indoor Pollutant Dispersion in Street-Facing Buildings

“…Atmosphere 2024, 15 effective strategy under certain conditions, especially where resources are limited or air conditioning systems are impractical. In addition to energy savings, natural ventilation can remove pollutants and heat very effectively from an indoor space and minimize buildingrelated illnesses.…”

“…But, the natural ventilation effect is greatly affected by external climate conditions (such as wind speed, wind direction, and temperature differences), and it is difficult to ensure a stable ventilation effect. To examine the dispersion patterns of pollutants in urban settings under natural ventilation, researchers' studies have focused on analyzing pollutant dispersion in street canyons through CFD simulations [5][6][7][8][9], wind/water tunnel experiments [2,[10][11][12], and field measurements [13][14][15]. The primary source of pollutant exposure within street canyons stems from vehicle emissions, which vary across vehicle models and emission levels under distinct driving conditions.…”