Experimental campaign on the mechanical properties of Canadian small clear spruce-pine-fir wood: Experimental procedures, data curation, and data description

This work presents the development of an analytical model for the elastic stiffness of innovative hybrid steel-grout dowel-type connectors for CLT panels. This analytical model is based on the Beam on Elastic Foundation theory using the Wrinkler assumption. Within the model, the connector’s elastic stiffness is discretized into two components: (i) the rod-grout interaction stiffness and (ii) the grout-CLT interaction stiffness. The final stiffness is derived by combining these two components. This model accommodates the complex modulus of elasticity function for CLT through a square wave function approximated using a Fourier series. 420 monotonic static full-scale tests were conducted on hybrid connectors, varying the loading angle, the CLT grade, the rod diameter and strength class, and the grout-to-rod diameter ratio. A comparison between experimental and analytical results demonstrates the accuracy of the developed analytical model, with average errors for the elastic stiffness of 13% for connectors loaded in a direction parallel to the face layers of the CLT panel and 11% for connectors loaded in a direction perpendicular to the face layers of the CLT panels. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the modulus of elasticity of the grout has the most significant effect on the variability of elastic stiffness of connectors. Finally, a genetic algorithm optimization confirmed that an optimal grout-to-rod diameter ratio falls between 2 and 4 for 3-ply CLT panels, with a selected ideal connector having a rod diameter of 27.99 mm and a grout-to-rod diameter ratio of 2.68, yielding an elastic stiffness of 156.01 kN/mm.

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Miniaturized Shear Testing: In-Plane and Through-Thickness Characterization of Plywood

Tuninetti,

Sandoval,

Cárdenas-Ramírez

et al. 2024

Materials

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This study addresses the challenges associated with conventional plywood shear testing by introducing a novel miniaturized shear test method. This approach utilizes a controlled router toolpath for precise sample fabrication, enabling efficient material use and data acquisition. Miniaturized samples, designed with double shear zones, were tested for τxy, τxz, and τyz configurations using a universal testing machine. Results revealed a mean ultimate shear strength ranging from 5.6 MPa to 7.3 MPa and a mean shear modulus ranging from 0.039 GPa to 0.095 GPa, confirming the orthotropic nature of plywood. The resulting shear behavior was determined with stress–strain curves correlated with failure patterns. The miniaturized tests effectively captured the material’s heterogeneous behavior, particularly at smaller scales, and demonstrated consistent load-bearing capacity even after substantial stress reduction, suggesting suitability for bracing applications. This method allows for increased sample sizes, facilitating robust data collection for developing and validating finite element models. Future work will focus on evaluating the scalability of the observed orthotropic behavior and data scatter at larger scales and assessing the potential for this method to replace conventional full-scale plywood shear testing.

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Experimental campaign on the mechanical properties of Canadian small clear spruce-pine-fir wood: Experimental procedures, data curation, and data description

Cited by 3 publications

References 7 publications

Predicting the structural behaviour and failure mechanism of hybrid steel-grout connectors for cross-laminated timber panels using high-fidelity finite-elements modelling

Predicting the structural behaviour and failure mechanism of hybrid steel-grout connectors for cross-laminated timber panels using high-fidelity finite-elements modelling

Elastic Stiffness of a Novel Steel-Grout Hybrid Dowel-Type Connector for Cross-Laminated Timber Panels: Analytical Model Development, Experimental Validation and Genetic Algorithm Optimization

Miniaturized Shear Testing: In-Plane and Through-Thickness Characterization of Plywood

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