Experimental Campylobacter jejuni Infection in Humans

Black, Robert E.; Levine, Myron M.; Clements, Mary Lou; Hughes, Timothy P.; Blaser, Martin J.

doi:10.1093/infdis/157.3.472

Cited by 994 publications

(503 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The low ID (500 to 800 cells) of the enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni suggests that this bacterium can sense and respond to decreasing environmental pH (12,73). While C. jejuni is among the leading causative agents of food-and waterborne gastroenteritis worldwide, few studies have sought to address how C. jejuni deals with acid stress.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Campylobacter jejuni Genes Contributing to Acid Adaptation by Transcriptional Profiling and Genome-Wide Mutagenesis

Reid

Pandey

Palyada

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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In order to cause disease, the food-and waterborne pathogen Campylobacter jejuni must face the extreme acidity of the host stomach as well as cope with pH fluctuations in the intestine. In the present study, C. jejuni NCTC 11168 was grown under mildly acidic conditions mimicking those encountered in the intestine. The resulting transcriptional profiles revealed how this bacterium fine-tunes gene expression in response to acid stress. This adaptation involves the differential expression of respiratory pathways, the induction of genes for phosphate transport, and the repression of energy generation and intermediary metabolism genes. We also generated and screened a transposon-based mutant library to identify genes required for wild-type levels of growth under mildly acidic conditions. This screen highlighted the important role played by cell surface components (flagella, the outer membrane, capsular polysaccharides, and lipooligosaccharides) in the acid stress response of C. jejuni. Our data also revealed that a limited correlation exists between genes required for growth under acidic conditions and genes differentially expressed in response to acid. To gain a comprehensive picture of the acid stress response of C. jejuni, we merged transcriptional profiles obtained from acid-adapted cells and cells subjected to acid shock. Genes encoding the transcriptional regulator PerR and putative oxidoreductase subunits Cj0414 and Cj0415 were among the few up-regulated under both acid stress conditions. As a Cj0415 mutant was acid sensitive, it is likely that these genes are crucial to the acid stress response of C. jejuni and consequently are important for host colonization.

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confidence: 99%

Identification of Campylobacter jejuni Genes Contributing to Acid Adaptation by Transcriptional Profiling and Genome-Wide Mutagenesis

Reid

Pandey

Palyada

et al. 2008

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Robinson (1981) showed that 500 S. L. MAWER 298 organisms of a pure culture of C. jejuni added to milk produced symptoms and a serological response. Black (1983) in a series of human volunteer experiments showed that the probability of infection and symptoms increased with an increasing dose of C. jejuni and confirmed that as few as 800 organisms could produce both infection and symptoms. The water from the River Hull was, therefore, unlikely to have been a source of sporadic campylobacteriosis in Hull.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…On that occasion it is estimated that over 44000 campylobacter organisms were ingested. With an inoculum of C. jejunni similar to that of the environmental campylobacter strains ingested in these experiments, comparison with the results of Black (1983) suggests that there should have been a greater than 50% chance of infection and a detectable antibody response. However, in Black's experiments C. jejuni was ingested in milk which might have protected the inoculum from the action of stomach acid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The pathogenicity of environmental campylobacters-a human volunteer experiment

Mawer

1988

Epidemiol. Infect.

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SUMMARYThree human volunteer experiments were performed in which river water expected to contain campylobacter organisms was ingested. Despite the ingestion of over 44000 organisms in one experiment, the subject did not suffer any symptoms, nor were campylobacter organisms excreted, nor was an antibody response to the ingested strains detected. The campylobacter organisms ingested resembled Campylobacter jejuni on colonial and microscopic morphology but were hippurate negative, and were distinct from C. coli. These environmental campylobacter strains appear to be non-pathogenic, however they may be mistaken for C. jejuni or C. coli if they are not fully identified.

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“…Invasiveness and production of toxins are two potential virulence factors (5,18). Although there is not universally accepted small animal model, mice have been used to produce an experimental infection by several authors, both via oral (6,7,14,29) and via intraperitoneal (3,19,24).…”

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confidence: 99%

Inflammatory and Phagocytic Response to Experimental Campylobacter jejuni Infection in Mice

Pancorbo

Gallego

Pablo

et al. 1994

Microbiology and Immunology

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After intraperitoneal inoculation with Campylobacter jejuni BALB/c, Swiss and DBA mice show a peritoneal inflammatory response of different intensity. Only BALB/c mice have a strong peritoneal response. Simultaneous intraperitoneal inoculation of C. jejuni plus FeCl3 increase both inflammatory response and phagocytic activity in Swiss mice, without production of diarrhea. Some thermostable compounds of C. jejuni have a very strong chemotactic activity against peritoneal cells of mice, whereas a diffusible, thermolabile and glutaraldehyde-resistant factor has an inhibitory effect over murine peritoneal cell phagocytosis. Bactericidal activity of peritoneal cells increased after in vitro re-challenge with C. jejuni. Bacteremia is present in all the mice strains tested, but the clearance is quick in DBA and slow in BALB/c and Swiss mice. These experiments confirm that in mice, peritoneal non-specific mechanisms of defense, such as macrophages, play an important role in order to control C. jejuni infection.

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Experimental Campylobacter jejuni Infection in Humans

Cited by 994 publications

References 30 publications

Identification of Campylobacter jejuni Genes Contributing to Acid Adaptation by Transcriptional Profiling and Genome-Wide Mutagenesis

Identification of Campylobacter jejuni Genes Contributing to Acid Adaptation by Transcriptional Profiling and Genome-Wide Mutagenesis

The pathogenicity of environmental campylobacters-a human volunteer experiment

Inflammatory and Phagocytic Response to Experimental Campylobacter jejuni Infection in Mice

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