Experimental Cervical Spondylosis in the Mouse

Miyamoto, Shimpei; Yonenobu, Kazuo; Ono, Kentaro

doi:10.1097/00007632-199110001-00008

Cited by 74 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…Cervical instability is considered the main etiological basis of cervical spondylosis. It has been confirmed that destroying the stability of dynamic and static forces of rats may promote cervical disc degeneration (1), which is in line with a previous study by our group (unpublished data). At the same time, the mechanisms associated with changes of inflammatory cytokines in disc degeneration have remained elusive.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Changes and significance of inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of cervical spondylosis

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The aim of the present study was to dynamically observe and discuss the significance of inflammatory cytokines in cervical degenerative disease induced by unbalanced dynamic and static forces in rats. A total of 60 Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into test (n=45) and control (n=15) groups, which were randomly subdivided into three groups corresponding to assessment at one, three and six months post-operation. The test group included 10, 15 and 20 rats at the corresponding post-operative stage and the control group had five rats at each time-point. By excising cervicodorsal muscles and ligaments, an unbalanced dynamic and static rat model was established in the test group. At one, three and six-months post-operation, venous serum of test and control group rats was collected and inflammatory cytokines in the serum of all rats were quantitatively determined by ELISA. The results revealed that compared with the control group, the interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in the test group were significantly increased at one and three months (P<0.05, <0.01 or <0.001), and that IL-12 was significantly increased at three months (P<0.05). However, transforming growth factor-β1 increased at one month but was significantly decreased at three months (P<0.01). IL-6 did not change significantly throughout the observation period (P>0.05). In conclusion, cervical vertebral stability may be accompanied with changes of inflammatory cytokines.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Changes and significance of inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of cervical spondylosis

et al. 2017

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“…Currently, it is believed that nutrient supply to the intervertebral disc mainly occurs through diffusion from the vascular buds to the cartilage endplate. Previous studies have confirmed that cartilage endplate calcification is the initiating factor of intervertebral disc degeneration and plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of this disease (2). Cartilage endplate sclerosis, calcification and thickening may lead to decrease of oxygen in the blood supply, inhibition of metabolic clearance, increase in lactic acid concentration and lowering of pH, and therefore results in the nutritional disturbance of the intervertebral disc and subsequent disc degeneration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Effects of mechanical strain on ANK, ENPP1 and TGF-β1 expression in rat endplate chondrocytes inï¿½vitro

Xu¹

2011

Mol Med Report

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Abstract. We investigated the effects of mechanical strain on the progressive ankylosis (ANK) gene and extracellular nucleotide phosphatase/phosphodiesterase (ENPP)1 mRNA expression and TGF-β1 protein expression in rat endplate chondrocytes in vitro. Endplate chondrocytes were isolated and cultured in vitro. Following identification with toluidine blue and immunocytochemical staining, chondrocytes were subjected to 10% elongation with various frequencies (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 Hz) using a Flexercell Tension Plus system at various intervals (3, 6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 h). As a control, cells that had been cultured statically on the same type of plate but were not subjected to stretch were also observed. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to study the effects of mechanical strain on ANK and ENPP1 mRNA expression and TGF-β1 concentration in the supernatant, respectively. Following treatment, the shape of the chondrocytes displayed a significant change from the original polygon to a typical spindle cell morphology; and the arrangement of the cells exhibited a change from a haphazard arrangement to an alignment with a certain direction. In the 0.5 Hz, 24-h group, the ANK gene expression was significantly increased compared to the control group (P<0.05); whereas in the other groups, the ANK and ENPP1 expression levels were reduced. With the increased frequencies in the 24-h group, the ANK gene expression gradually reduced. Changes in the expression of ANK and ENPP1 followed similar trends. TGF-β1 in the supernatant increased gradually in each frequency group, with a clear increase in the 0.5 Hz group. We conclude that various frequencies of mechanical strain can affect the expression of ANK, ENPP1 and endogenous TGF-β1 in endplate chondrocytes. Our results indicate that 0.5 Hz, 24 h may be the optimal stimulation condition to prevent calcification occurrence and to maintain the function of endplate chondrocytes.

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“…Slides of the discs were carefully observed and scored according to Miyamoto's method (Miyamoto et al, 1991) as shown in Table 1.…”

Section: Score Of Degenerating Disc According To Miyamoto's Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of intervertebral disc degeneration in rat’s aging process

Zhang

Sun

Liu

et al. 2009

J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B

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Abstract:Objective: The age-related change is important part of degenerative disc disease. However, no appropriate animal model or objective evaluation index is available. This study aimed to investigate the features of intervertebral disc degeneration in aging process of rats. Methods: 22-month-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used as spontaneously occurring intervertebral disc degeneration models and 6-month-old rats as young controls. Expression of collagen types II and X was measured by immunohistochemistry. Degenerations of intervertebral discs were scored according to Miyamoto's method. Numbers and areas of afferent vascular buds were measured. The thicknesses of non-calcified and calcified layers were measured and statistically analyzed. Results: There were less collagen type II expression and more collagen type X expression in the calcified layer of the cartilage endplates and nucleus pulposus in the rats of the aged group than in the young control. There were fewer and smaller afferent vascular buds in the rats of the aged group than in the young control group. The ratio of the non-calcified to the calcified layers in the rats of the aged group significantly decreased, compared with that of the young control group (P<0.01). Conclusion: Rats can spontaneously establish intervertebral disc age-related degeneration. The expression of collagen types II and X, numbers and areas of afferent vascular buds, the ratio of the non-calcified to the calcified layers, and water and glycosaminoglycan contents in the nucleus pulposus are sensitive indexes of intervertebral disc degeneration.

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Experimental Cervical Spondylosis in the Mouse

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Changes and significance of inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of cervical spondylosis

Changes and significance of inflammatory cytokines in a rat model of cervical spondylosis

Effects of mechanical strain on ANK, ENPP1 and TGF-β1 expression in rat endplate chondrocytes inï¿½vitro

Features of intervertebral disc degeneration in rat’s aging process

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