Experimental Characterization of a Server-Level Thermosyphon for High-Heat Flux Dissipations

Amalfi, Raffaele L.; Cataldo, Filippo; Marcinichen, Jackson B.; Thome, John R.

doi:10.1109/itherm45881.2020.9190186

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Figure 10 shows the state-of-the-art performance of various passive and active technologies including thermosiphons, cold plates, jet impingement, etc. [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] in comparison with MHS, in the form of the HTC plotted against surface superheat, with the size of the bubbles representing the heat flux at which the HTC is obtained. It [50,53], thermosiphons [48,49,52], jet impingement strategies [47,51], and air cooled heat sinks with 2-phase heat spreaders (vapor chambers) [54] are compared with membrane assisted heat sinks (MHS).…”

Section: Replacing Existing Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54] in comparison with MHS, in the form of the HTC plotted against surface superheat, with the size of the bubbles representing the heat flux at which the HTC is obtained. It [50,53], thermosiphons [48,49,52], jet impingement strategies [47,51], and air cooled heat sinks with 2-phase heat spreaders (vapor chambers) [54] are compared with membrane assisted heat sinks (MHS). The heat transfer coefficient (HTC) is plotted as a function of the surface superheat (∆T) while the size of the bubbles represents the heat flux at which the HTC is obtained.…”

Section: Replacing Existing Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The heat transfer coefficient (HTC) is plotted as a function of the surface superheat (∆T) while the size of the bubbles represents the heat flux at which the HTC is obtained. Membrane assisted heat sinks (MHS) exhibit an HTC at least an order of magnitude higher than air cooled heat sinks [47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54].…”

Section: Replacing Existing Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Data center energy efficiency enhancement using a two-phase heat sink with ultra-high heat transfer coefficient

Tamvada¹,

Moghaddam²

2022

Preprint

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This paper presents the latest progress on characterization of our membrane assisted phase-change heat sink (MHS) at conditions suitable for implementation in data centers (DCs). Experiments are conducted using water as the working fluid at a vapor space pressure (P vapor ) of 16 kPa, corresponding to a saturation temperature of ∼ 55 • C. This temperature is sufficiently lower than the silicon junction temperature of 80 • C. As anticipated, the overall performance of MHS at sub-atmospheric pressure is lower compared to analogous tests at atmospheric pressure. In agreement with previous studies on MHS, the critical heat flux limit (CHF) increases with enhancement of the heat transfer area ratio (A r ) and liquid space pressure (P pool ). We report a maximum CHF of 670 W/cm 2 on a surface with an enhanced area ratio of 3.45, multiple times greater than the CHF reported hitherto by a comparable two-phase heat sink in literature. Heat transfer coefficients (HTC) as high as ∼ 1 MW/m 2 -K are obtained. These record performance data along with unique characteristics of the MHS promise to greatly benefit next generation highly energy efficient DCs.

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Section: Replacing Existing Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Replacing Existing Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Replacing Existing Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Data center energy efficiency enhancement using a two-phase heat sink with ultra-high heat transfer coefficient

Tamvada¹,

Moghaddam²

2022

Preprint

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“…The mechanisms underlying enhanced pool boiling heat transfer have been investigated in past few decades for efficient design of reboilers (Thome, 1988;Lavrikov et al, 2015), heat exchangers (Antonelli and O'Neill, 1981;Ohta et al, 2004), power electronics (Kercher et al, 2003;Wei et al, 2009;Sadaghiani et al, 2017;Sinha-Ray et al, 2017;Zhang et al, 2018;Chauhan and Kandlikar, 2019), and other high temperature engineering applications (Konishi and Mudawar, 2015;Mudawar, 2017). This is attributed to high heat transfer efficiencies or heat dissipation exhibited by pool boiling due to the absorption of large amount of latent heat which is accompanied by phase change from liquid to vapor (Kandlikar, 2019;Amalfi et al, 2020). Numerous studies have improved the boiling performance by increasing the effective surface area through inclusion of micron scale enhancements such as pin-fins (Cao et al, 2018;Kong et al, 2018;Orman et al, 2019), microchannels (Cooke and Kandlikar, 2012;Walunj and Sathyabhama, 2018), notches (McLaughlin, 2019), and other micro and/or nanostructures (Yao et al, 2012;Kandlikar, 2013;Kandlikar, 2017;Raghupathi and Kandlikar, 2017;Yuan et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Structure-Property-Boiling Enhancement Mechanisms of Copper/Graphene Nanoplatelets Coatings

et al. 2021

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In this work, we present an exceptionally high heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and critical heat flux (CHF) achieved by graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and copper composite coatings with tunable surface properties. These coatings were created by a combination of powder metallurgy and manufacturing processes including ball milling, sintering, electrodeposition, and salt-patterning. We demonstrated correlations between various coating processes, resultant surface morphologies, properties, and improved boiling mechanism. Electrodeposition of GNP and copper particles led to formation of tall ridge-like structures and valleys to contain the boiling fluid in between. Higher CHF achieved for these coatings was attributed to the microlayer evaporation. It was observed that ball milling of GNP and copper particles prior to their sinter-coating enhanced their surface roughness that resulted in very high HTC, nearly 5.4 times higher than plain copper surfaces. Additional salt-patterning along with sinter-coating yielded interconnected porous networks with high nucleating activity that rendered record-breaking HTC of 1,314°kW/m2-°C. Combination of these coating processes can be adopted to tailor the surfaces and achieve better boiling performance. Novel techniques developed in this work can be applied to a variety of thermal engineering applications.

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Thermal performance of a two-phase loop thermosyphon with an additively manufactured evaporator

Elkholy

Unlusoy

Kempers

2022

Applied Thermal Engineering

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Experimental Characterization of a Server-Level Thermosyphon for High-Heat Flux Dissipations

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Data center energy efficiency enhancement using a two-phase heat sink with ultra-high heat transfer coefficient

Data center energy efficiency enhancement using a two-phase heat sink with ultra-high heat transfer coefficient

Investigation of Structure-Property-Boiling Enhancement Mechanisms of Copper/Graphene Nanoplatelets Coatings

Thermal performance of a two-phase loop thermosyphon with an additively manufactured evaporator

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