Experimental characterization of the 192 channel Clear-PEM frontend ASIC coupled to a multi-pixel APD readout of LYSO:Ce crystals

Albuquerque, E.; Bexiga, V.; Bugalho, R.; Carriço, B.; Ferreira, Carla; Ferreira, Miguel; Godinho, Joana; Gonçalves, Fernando M.; Leong, C.; Lousa, P.; Machado, Pedro A. N.; Moura, R.; Neves, P.N.B.; Ortigao, Catarina; Piedade, Fernando; Pinheiro, J. F.; Rego, J.; Rivetti, A.; Rodrigues, Pedro; Silva, José C.; Silva, Manuel M.; Teixeira, I.C.; Teixeira, J.P.; Trindade, A.; Varela, J.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2008.10.005

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…1) is justified. It is mainly constituted by a scanner (SA), a DAE (DAP) and a PC [1][2][3][4][5][6]. As highlighted in Fig.…”

Section: Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is unacceptable, since either a false positive or a false negative medical diagnosis, may have dramatic consequences. 3 Therefore, an adaptive solution has been devised to solve the problem not only at production stage, but also during product lifetime. As it will be shown, the proposed synchronization methodology and corresponding synchronization modules perform the DAE automatic adjustment to the presence of input channel delays.…”

Section: Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4]. The modular and hierarchical crystal organization is usually mapped (since it eases crystal identification) in the DAP architecture, which, in turn, is constituted by sets of hierarchically organized identical modules, performing in parallel the corresponding functionalities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Automatic adjustment of a medical imaging data acquisition system to unknown delays in the input communication channels

Leong

Bexiga

Teixeira

et al. 2011

Analog Integr Circ Sig Process

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In this article, novel FIFO and RAM-based Synchronization Modules to keep synchronism throughout the input channels of a Data Acquisition Electronics (DAE) system are proposed. DAE is a main component of a Medical Imaging System, namely, a Positron Emission Mammography (PEM) system. DAE input data comes from a scanner constituted by an array of scintillating crystals. The scanner captures radiation generated by human cells injected with a radioactive substance and converts it into electrical signals. The corresponding digital information is sent to the DAE. In order to deal with the huge amount of data, flowing at high data rates, point-to-point (p2p) communication channels are used between the scanner and the DAE. Propagation delays associated with the different communication channels may change differently. Additionally, differences among channel delays may exceed one clock period. Keeping synchronism in these circumstances requires more than the classical asynchronous FIFO solution. All these aspects motivate the work proposed in this article. The PEM DAE system is a multi-board, multi-FPGA, multi-clock domain system. Therefore, the DAE architecture follows a Globally Asynchronous, Locally Synchronous (GALS) design style. The novel Synchronization Modules proposed in this article are implemented in the DAE. The effectiveness of these new structures is validated through simulation and laboratorial test. Simulation and test results are presented.

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“…1) is justified. It is mainly constituted by a scanner (SA), a DAE (DAP) and a PC [1][2][3][4][5][6]. As highlighted in Fig.…”

Section: Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Automatic adjustment of a medical imaging data acquisition system to unknown delays in the input communication channels

Leong

Bexiga

Teixeira

et al. 2011

Analog Integr Circ Sig Process

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“…The basic detector supermodule is composed of 12 modules of 4 Â 8 LYSO:Ce crystal matrices optically coupled to Hamamatsu S8550 APD arrays on both ends, that are assembled between two front-end electronic boards (FEB). Each FEB integrates two low-noise front-end ASICs (AMS 350 nm CMOS, 70 mm 2 ) for the readout (pulse amplification and shaping) of 192 APD input channels; two free-sampling dual 10-bit ADC (running at the system clock, 50 MHz) for the analog-to-digital data conversion; and a low-voltage differential signaling (LVDS) channel link transmitter (2.4 Gbps) for digital data serialization and transmission to the off-detector data acquisition system [2]. The strong potential of the ClearPEM technology to be adapted to different detector system designs has opened a window of opportunity on exploiting the feasibility of integration of the technology with MR systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility and electromagnetic compatibility study of the ClearPEM front-end electronics for simultaneous PET-MR imaging

Neves

Bugalho

Gruetter

et al. 2013

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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a b s t r a c tIn this work we present a first feasibility study of the ClearPEM technology for simultaneous PET-MR imaging. The mutual electromagnetic interference (EMI) effects between both systems were evaluated on a 7 T magnet by characterizing the response behavior of the ClearPEM detectors and front-end electronics to pulsed RF power and switched magnetic field gradients; and by analyzing the MR system performance degradation from noise pickup into the RF receiver chain, and from magnetic susceptibility artifacts caused by PET front-end materials.

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“…The basic detector supermodule is composed of 12 modules of 4 Â 8 LYSO:Ce crystal matrices optically coupled to Hamamatsu S8550 APD arrays on both ends, and assembled between two front-end electronic boards (FEB). Each FEB integrates two low-noise ASICs for the readout of 192 channels, pulse amplification and shaping, performing also sequentially analog-to-digital conversion and data serialization and transmission to the off-detector data acquisition system [2]. Previous studies in the 7 T magnet facility at EPFL have demonstrated the mutual electromagnetic interference mechanisms and the integration feasibility of the ClearPEM front-end electronics and the MR system components [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

9.4–14.1T small-animal PET-MR imaging: Feasibility analysis of LYSO APD readout via long signal lines

Neves

Bugalho

Gruetter

et al. 2013

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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a b s t r a c tIn the present work we intend to assess the readout feasibility of Avalanche Photodiode (APD) detectors via long signal lines for the development of a combined small-animal PET-MR prototype based on the ClearPEM technology. The detection performance of a LYSO-APD module was evaluated reading out the APD charge signals to the front-end ASIC via an 80 mm length flexible flat-cable (FFC). Experimental results showed a time resolution of 5.06 ns for the detector module in double-readout mode, with a nonsignificant degradation of 8.4% with the introduction of the FFC. The energy resolution of the system was not degradated by the FFC.

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Experimental characterization of the 192 channel Clear-PEM frontend ASIC coupled to a multi-pixel APD readout of LYSO:Ce crystals

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

Automatic adjustment of a medical imaging data acquisition system to unknown delays in the input communication channels

Automatic adjustment of a medical imaging data acquisition system to unknown delays in the input communication channels

Feasibility and electromagnetic compatibility study of the ClearPEM front-end electronics for simultaneous PET-MR imaging

9.4–14.1T small-animal PET-MR imaging: Feasibility analysis of LYSO APD readout via long signal lines

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