1941
DOI: 10.1177/003591574103401102
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Experimental Concussion

Abstract: The various hypotheses of the mechanism of coma resulting from cerebral trauma are discussed. Experimental evidence shows that there are two kinds of transient abolition of cerebral function by trauma—acceleration concussion, and compression concussion. The former is a passing paralysis which occurs in all brain-stem mechanisms examined and is brought about at and beyond a threshold value of change in velocity. A lesser degree of change causes momentary depression of function, a greater degree prolongs the pha… Show more

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Cited by 21 publications
(11 citation statements)
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“…Animal models have been a mainstay of TBI research for over a century. [8][9][10][11] Several types of experimental TBI models have been developed to model the consequences of TBI, and four of the most commonly used options are discussed in this article: fluid percussion injury (FPI); controlled cortical impact (CCI); blast TBI (bTBI); and closed-head injury (CHI). In this review, separate headings are used for different injury induction methods with the test species, location, or injury severity denoted in the body of the text when relevant.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Animal models have been a mainstay of TBI research for over a century. [8][9][10][11] Several types of experimental TBI models have been developed to model the consequences of TBI, and four of the most commonly used options are discussed in this article: fluid percussion injury (FPI); controlled cortical impact (CCI); blast TBI (bTBI); and closed-head injury (CHI). In this review, separate headings are used for different injury induction methods with the test species, location, or injury severity denoted in the body of the text when relevant.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This theory suggests that the impact leads to a depression of the skull that causes a hydrostatic pressure pulse in the subarachnoid space, which then is transferred through the perivascular space to reach deeper regions of the brain (Figure 1). The assumption that deformation of the skull is a key component of a concussion was, however, contradicted by the work of Denny-Brown and Russel in the 1940s, that demonstrated the importance of head movement (5). Acceleration of the head leads to stretching of the brain tissue itself, which makes it important to consider the direction of the incoming blow and the way it makes the head move.…”
Section: The Biomechanics Of a Knockoutmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The patient who has suffered a head injury may have surgery for craniotomy or for other reasons and is likely to have special respiratory problems in the period after surgery. Denny-Brown and Russell (1941) have shown in head injuries that inhalation of secretions or vomitus occurs at the time of the injury because the larynx becomes incompetent and swallowing reflexes are interrupted. The inhalation of gastric contents can cause a severe inflammatory response in the alveolar membrane (Mendelson, 1946) and the presence of irritant material below the laryngeal inlet can result in an increase in airway resistance because of reflex bronchial narrowing.…”
Section: Problems Of Ventilationmentioning
confidence: 99%