Experimental consideration of the effects of calcium lignosulfonate and tannic acid on the flammability and thermal properties of polylactide composites

Majka, Tomasz M.; Pimentel, Ana Cláudia; Fernandes, Susete; de Almeida, Henrique Vazão; Borges, João Paulo; Martins, Rodrigo

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2024.179769

Thermochimica Acta

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.tca.2024.179769

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Experimental consideration of the effects of calcium lignosulfonate and tannic acid on the flammability and thermal properties of polylactide composites

Tomasz M. Majka,

Ana Cláudia Pimentel,

Susete Fernandes

et al.

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Cited by 3 publications

References 70 publications

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Flame Retardation of Polyamide 6 by Electro-Sprayed Phosphorus–Copper Complex Supported by Layered Silicate

Majka,

Bukowczan,

Pielichowski

2024

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate the effect of a phosphorus–copper complex on the flammability of polyamide 6 (PA6) materials, including organoclay-reinforced nanocomposites. The secondary objective was to compare the effectiveness of the deposition methods of the three-layer copper complex. Our previous work successfully revealed the effectiveness of reducing the flammability of polyamide composites by depositing phosphorus and copper compounds using a Layer-by-Layer technique. In the current work, we turned our attention to modifying the PA6 surface by electro-spray (ES) using the same flame retardants as before, and we investigated the effectiveness of the resulting surface protection against high temperatures during combustion. Surface roughness analysis revealed that the use of the ES method favors the formation of surface unevenness. The UL-94 test results showed that composite materials having 5-15 triple layers were among the best flammability classes compared to the others. Both types of materials tested also showed a tendency to reduce the heat release rate (HRR) by increasing the degree of surface coverage when using the electro-spray technique. Remarkably, deposition of 15 triple layers on the surface of the nanocomposite reduced the maximum HRR point by 20%. Graphical abstract

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Flame Retardation of Polyamide 6 by Electro-Sprayed Phosphorus–Copper Complex Supported by Layered Silicate

Majka,

Bukowczan,

Pielichowski

2024

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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Purification effect of pyrolyzed filler on the flammability of polylactide matrix

Majka

2024

Iran Polym J

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Research efforts are underway around the world to develop efficient recycling of the continuous phase of polymer composites toward reuse. It has already been demonstrated that pyrolyzed filler (PF) can be successfully used as a flame retardant for synthetic polyesters, including recycled ones. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to test the effect of PF on the flammability and thermal properties of the biopolyester phase. For this purpose, the pyrolysis technique was used, which yields a valuable solid phase in addition to the gas and liquid phases. To effectively give it a second life, a proprietary method of modifying the filler recovered by pyrolysis was developed to effectively separate and remove an organic part in the form of a layer of amorphous carbon (a-C), which acts as a universal sorbent. For this purpose, the a-C phase was extracted using binary solvent and replaced it using three types of salts: ammonium salt of benzyl phosphite, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIC), and methyldodecylbenzyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (BMAC). Using a high-temperature processing technique, polylactide composites containing 5% (by weight) additive were obtained. The results of thermal (TGA, DSC) and flammability (PCFC, UL94, LOI) analysis studies show that the use of BMIC and BMAC salts for the intended purpose is particularly promising. The thermal stability of PLA composites containing SF-BMIC and SF-BMAC increased by 30 K and the flammability decreased by 23%. These promising results have opened up new avenues of research toward the synthesis of bio-flame retardants dedicated specifically to polylactide. Graphical abstract

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Optimizing polylactic acid composites: Role of sodium lignosulfonate-modified carbon nanotubes in mechanical and interfacial performance

Meng,

2025

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules

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Experimental consideration of the effects of calcium lignosulfonate and tannic acid on the flammability and thermal properties of polylactide composites

Cited by 3 publications

References 70 publications

Flame Retardation of Polyamide 6 by Electro-Sprayed Phosphorus–Copper Complex Supported by Layered Silicate

Flame Retardation of Polyamide 6 by Electro-Sprayed Phosphorus–Copper Complex Supported by Layered Silicate

Purification effect of pyrolyzed filler on the flammability of polylactide matrix

Optimizing polylactic acid composites: Role of sodium lignosulfonate-modified carbon nanotubes in mechanical and interfacial performance

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