Experimental Data Comparison of an Electric Minibus Equipped with Different Energy Storage Systems

Abstract

As electric mobility becomes more important every day, scientific research brings us new solutions that increase performance, reduce financial and economic impacts and increase the market share of electric vehicles. Therefore, there is a necessity to compare technical and economic aspects of different technologies for each transport application. This article presents a comparison of three bus prototypes in terms of dynamic performance. The analysis is based on the collection of real data (acceleration, maximum speed and energy consumption) under different settings. Each developed prototype uses the same bus chassis but relies on different energy storage systems. Results show that the dynamic bus performance is independent on the three energy storage technologies, whereas technologies affect the management costs, charging time and available range. An extensive experimental analysis reveals that the bus equipped with a hybrid storage (lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors) had the most favorable net present value, in comparison with storage composed of only lead–acid or lithium-ion batteries. This result is due to the greater life of lithium-ion batteries and to the capability of supercapacitors, which reduce both batteries depth of discharge and discharge rate.

Present and Future of Supercapacitor Technology Applied to Powertrains, Renewable Generation and Grid Connection Applications

“…The this type of transport is to replace the chopper with an ESS to take advantage of r ative braking energy, save a percentage of energy, and, in a second step for the e power system, to place charging points in different sections of the route. Cignini, F. [42] made a comparison of four prototypes of electric buses with board storage system to fulfill certain speed requirements in a specific time. The carried out from the real data taken from the vehicles (energy consumption, accel and maximum speed) in different scenarios.…”

“…SCs and lithium-ion batteries. Cignini, F. [42] made a comparison of four prototypes of electric buses with an onboard storage system to fulfill certain speed requirements in a specific time. The study is carried out from the real data taken from the vehicles (energy consumption, acceleration, and maximum speed) in different scenarios.…”

Design and Implementation of Reduced Grid Impact Charging Station for Public Transportation Applications

“…The limiting parameter for this application is the energy request for the LTO battery; in fact, with 3C of maximum continuous current value, a capacity of about The main information to properly design the onboard storage system are the minimum energy required and the maximum discharge and charge power; the needed energy for line 117 is about 4 kWh, while the discharge power can be set to the maximum motor power (about 24 kW) and the charge power is the value of the charging station (about 40 kW, minimum). The limiting parameter for this application is the energy request for the LTO battery; in fact, with 3C of maximum continuous current value, a capacity of about 15 kWh must be used [18,19]. This type of high-power recharging process has the advantage of reducing the accumulation onboard the vehicles with great advantages in terms of its cost and maintenance of the same.…”

LPT (Local Public Transport) electric buses: innovative solutions to reduce the energy absorption of auxiliaries

“…The main information to design the onboard storage are the minimum energy required and the maximum discharge and charge power: the needed energy for the 117 line is about 4 kWh while the discharge power can be set to the maximum motor power (24 kW) and the charge power is the value of the charging station (40 kW). The limiting parameter, for this application is the power request and for the LTO battery, with 3C of maximum continuous current value, a capacity of about 15 kWh must be used [4,5,6].…”