Experimental data for solid–liquid flows at intermediate and high Stokes numbers

Modulation of turbulence intensity by heavy finite-size particles in upward channel flow

“…Profiles of (a) the TKE in single-phase and particle-laden turbulent channel flows and (b) the relative change of the TKE with respect to the single-phase flow, i.e. (k − k sp )/k sp , at a/H = 0.05, Φ 0 = 2.36 %, Re b = 5746 and ρ r = 2.0. the near-wall region can be observed in figure 8, as also observed in previous experiments(Tsuji et al 1984;Hosokawa & Tomiyama 2004;Mena & Curtis 2020). As u i /u b increases, the region for turbulence enhancement is expanded.…”

“…One can see that our criterion agrees well with the experimental data and the numerical data of Uhlmann (2008). There is some discrepancy between our criterion and the recent experiment of Mena & Curtis (2020). At the moment, the reason is not clear.…”

“…At the moment, the reason is not clear. The pipe Reynolds number of Mena & Curtis (2020) ranges from Re b = 2 × 10 5 to Re b = 3.5 × 10 5 , and is much higher than ours. Further studies on the particle-turbulence interactions at high bulk Reynolds numbers are needed.…”

“…Numerous experiments have been reported on turbulence modulation in gas-solid flows (Lee & Durst 1982;Tsuji & Morikawa 1982;Tsuji, Morikawa & Shiomi 1984;Parthasarathy & Faeth 1990;Schreck & Kleis 1993;Kulick, Fessler & Eaton 1994;Petersen, Baker & Coletti 2019;Zhu et al 2019) and liquid-solid flows (Sato & Hishida 1996;Suzuki, Ikenoya & Kasagi 2000;Kiger & Pan 2002;Kussin & Sommerfeld 2002;Hosokawa & Tomiyama 2004, 2009Bellani et al 2012;Shokri et al 2017;Zade, Lundell & Brandt 2019;Mena & Curtis 2020). It has been recognized that small particles tend to attenuate the turbulence, whereas large particles enhance the turbulence (Tsuji & Morikawa 1982;Tsuji et al 1984;Gore & Crowe 1989).…”

An Analysis of CFD-DEM with Coarse Graining for Turbulent Particle-Laden Jet Flows

“…Indeed, this is briefly discussed in the paper when the results for the highest particle size (200 µm) showed signs of a lack of fully developed flow. In the work performed by Mena and Curtis [56], it was postulated and concluded that 51 pipe diameters were sufficient for fully developed flow, and they measured this by the use of pressure transducers placed periodically along the pipe. In the study, they used water as the carrier fluid; therefore, the viscous effects were significantly higher than air, and particle slip velocity would be less of a concern.…”