“…Therefore, other multiplexing techniques, such as mode division multiplexing (MDM) and polarization division multiplexing (PDM), are promising to expand communication capacity without changing the number of wavelengths. Some MDM [15,16,17] and PDM [18,19] transmission experiments have been reported so far. A mode MUX to excite individual higher-order modes is one of the essential mode-controlling devices for building MDM transmission systems.…”