Experimental demonstration of a somatotopical origin of rubrospinal fibers in the cat

Pompeiano, O.; Brodal, Alf

doi:10.1002/cne.901080204

Cited by 218 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…rDAO projects to the C1 and C3 zones of cerebellar cortex (Groenewegen et al, 1979), which project to anterior interpositus (NIA). NIA projects to the RNm (Courville, 1966), which projects to the spinal cord (Pompeiano and Brodal, 1957).…”

Section: Rdao Inactivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Relations of Cerebellar Modules of the Cat

Horn¹,

Pong²,

Gibson³

2010

Journal of Neuroscience

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The cerebellum consists of parasagittal zones that define fundamental modules of neural processing. Each zone receives input from a distinct subdivision of the inferior olive (IO)-activity in one olivary subdivision will affect activity in one cerebellar module. To define functions of the cerebellar modules, we inactivated specific olivary subdivisions in six male cats with a glutamate receptor blocker. Olivary inactivation eliminates Purkinje cell complex spikes, which results in a high rate of Purkinje cell simple spike discharge. The increased simple spike discharge inhibits output from connected regions of the cerebellar nuclei. After inactivation, behavior was evaluated during a reach-to-grasp task and during locomotion. Inactivation of each subdivision produced unique behavioral deficits. Performance of the reach-to-grasp task was affected by inactivation of the rostral dorsal accessory olive (rDAO) and the rostral medial accessory olive (rMAO) and, possibly, the principal olive. rDAO inactivation produced paw drag during locomotion and a deficit in grasping the handle during the reach-to-grasp task. rMAO inactivation caused the cats to reach under the handle and produced severe limb drag during locomotion. Inactivation of the dorsal medial cell column, cell group ␤, or caudal medial accessory olive produced little deficit in the reach-to-grasp task, but each produced a different deficit during locomotion. In all cases, the cats appeared to have intact sensation, good spatial awareness, and no change of affect. Normal cerebellar function requires low rates of IO discharge, and each cerebellar module has a specific and unique function in sensory-motor integration.

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Section: Rdao Inactivationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Relations of Cerebellar Modules of the Cat

Horn¹,

Pong²,

Gibson³

2010

Journal of Neuroscience

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“…1 A). Although the topography in the rubrospinal system is observed in young kittens (Pompeiano and Brodal, 1957), it is not known when this topography is established. To study the functional topography in the corticorubral system of perinatal cats, it is necessary to know whether the location of a rubrospinal neuron within the RN in developing cats can also be inferred by their antidromic responses.…”

Section: Topography In Rubrospinal Projections Of Preterm Kittensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The corticorubral system of the cat is also organized in a topographic manner; rubrospinal neurons in the dorsomedial part of the red nucleus (RN) receive inputs primarily from the forelimb area of the sensorimotor cortex, innervating the cervicothoracic cord, whereas those in the ventrolateral part receive inputs primarily from the hindlimb area, projecting to the lumbosacral cord (see Fig. 1 A) (Pompeiano and Brodal, 1957;Mabuchi and Kusama, 1966;Tsukahara and Kosaka, 1968;Jeneskog and Padel, 1983). Like the retinotectal projection of the rodent, the corticorubral projection starts from a diffuse pattern of innervation, followed by axon arborization in topographically appropriate regions, leading to the formation of a topographic map (Higashi et al, 1990).…”

Section: Abstract: Topographic Map; Sensorimotor Cortex; Red Nucleusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because rubrospinal neurons in the dorsomedial part of the RN project to the cervicothoracic cord and those in the ventrolateral part innervate the lumbosacral cord (Pompeiano and Brodal, 1957), the location of a rubrospinal cell within the RN can be inferred from its response to stimulation of the spinal cord; cells responding only to stimulation of the C1 spinal segment should be in the dorsomedial portion (C -cells) (see Materials and Methods), whereas cells responding to stimulation of both C1 and L1 segments should be in the ventrolateral portion (L-cells) ( Fig. 1 A).…”

Section: Topography In Rubrospinal Projections Of Preterm Kittensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of Functional Topography in the Corticorubral Projection: AnIn VivoAssessment Using Synaptic Potentials Recorded from Fetal and Newborn Cats

Song

Murakami²

1998

J. Neurosci.

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In mammals, topographic maps emerge from initially diffuse projections during development. To gain insight into the mechanisms governing the transition from a diffuse projection to a topographic map, we studied topographic specificity of functional connections during development, using the cat corticorubral system as a model. In the adult cat, rubrospinal neurons in the dorsomedial part of the red nucleus (RN) receive input primarily from the forelimb area of the sensorimotor cortex, whereas those in the ventrolateral part receive input primarily from the hindlimb area. During development, axons from the sensorimotor cortex arrive in the RN at embryonic day 50 (E50) (Song et al., 1995a) and are diffusely distributed in the RN until postnatal day 13 (P13) (Higashi et al., 1990). Here, we studied the development of the pattern of functional cortical inputs to individual rubrospinal neurons, using synaptic potentials recorded in vivo. The functional topography in each rubrospinal neuron in developing cats was examined and classified either as adult-like or nonadult-like by comparison with the adult pattern. In preterm kittens from E61 to E65, only about half of the recorded neurons (41%; n ϭ 22) showed adult-like functional topography. This percentage, however, increased to 82% (n ϭ 56) in P1-P8 kittens and to 93% (n ϭ 42) in P13-P28 kittens. These results, in conjunction with the above mentioned anatomical observations, suggest that corticorubral axons make functional synapses nonselectively with rubrospinal neurons before birth. Furthermore, the functional topographic map developed earlier than the anatomical map (ϽP8 vs ϾP13), suggesting that there is a developmental step of selective promotion of synapse formation and/or selective enhancement of synaptic efficacy in topographically appropriate regions in the RN, before the emergence of the mature anatomical map. Key words: topographic map; sensorimotor cortex; red nucleus; rubrospinal neuron; immature synapse; intracellular recordingTopographic organization in neuronal connections provides a structural basis for parallel processing in the brain. The development of topographic maps, therefore, has been a subject of intense research (for review, see Udin and Fawcett, 1988;Gierer and Muller, 1995;Roskies et al., 1995). In order for a topographic map to form, growth cones must navigate along precise pathways, find their target, and then make synapses with appropriate neurons in the target. The central issue in the formation of topographic maps is, therefore, how axons find input-recipient cells in their target region.This issue has been extensively studied in the retinotectal projections of fish and amphibians. In these species, retinal axons are guided or restricted to the topographically correct tectal regions without errors from the outset of innervation (Sakaguchi and Murphey, 1985;Stuermer, 1988). Interactions between retinal axons and tectal neurons via position-specific molecules have been suggested to be involved in such precise guidance (for review, see St...

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“…1 D), corresponding to an approximate axonal conduction velocity of 50 m/s . Intracellular recordings from this cell following stimulation of the dorsolateral funiculus and the dorsal columns are illustrated in Fig (Pompeiano & Brodal, 1957;Padel, Armand & Smith, 1972). The conduction velocity of its axon was about 20 m/s, as calculated from the antidromic response latency to stimulation of the dorsolateral funiculus ( Fig.…”

Section: Histological Controlsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An excitatory pathway through dorsal columns to rubrospinal cells in the cat.

Jeneskog¹,

Padel²

1984

The Journal of Physiology

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3. Evidence has been obtained that the pathway runs through the dorsal columns to reach the red nucleus after a relay. Stimulation applied to the dorsal columns gives rise to the response with very low threshold current, close to 20 1sA. Also, the firing pattern of lemniscal fibres to single-shock dorsal column stimulation has been correlated with the time course of excitation of the rubrospinal cells.4. As calculated from latencies of e.p.s.p.s the conduction velocity in the investigated pathway is over 55 m/s in the peripheral nerve fibres, indicating that thick, myelinated fibres are involved.5. It is suggested that the fast somaesthetic loop might, via the rubrospinal tract, participate in exploratory motor behaviour and in the adaptation of gait to the environment.

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Experimental demonstration of a somatotopical origin of rubrospinal fibers in the cat

Cited by 218 publications

References 28 publications

Functional Relations of Cerebellar Modules of the Cat

Functional Relations of Cerebellar Modules of the Cat

Development of Functional Topography in the Corticorubral Projection: AnIn VivoAssessment Using Synaptic Potentials Recorded from Fetal and Newborn Cats

An excitatory pathway through dorsal columns to rubrospinal cells in the cat.

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