“…Several million copies of DNA can be generated from a single molecule through only few cycles of PCR. DNA amplification is performed using thermal cycling, with a high degree of control of stable and uniform temperature distribution being attributed to array structures (Bigham et al, 2017;Seo et al, 2018), microchannel heat exchangers (Riera et al, 2013), membrane-based microfluidics (Chen and Shen, 2017), and doped hybrid materials (Seo et al, 2016). In principle, this method can be applied to other taxonomic groups of pathogens (e.g., families, genus, species of viruses, bacteria, and fungi) by designing a broad-range PCR assay (Evertsson et al, 2000).…”