Experimental Dental Caries

Cox, Gerald J.; Matuschak, Margaret C.; Dixon, Sara F.; Dodds, Mary L.; Walker, W E

doi:10.1177/00220345390180060201

Cited by 46 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This result would indicate that the fluorine which was supplied while the caries-producing diet was being fed lowered the caries incidence observed with respect to this group. This finding has *been reported by a number of other investigators (4,5,6,7,8) who found the caries reduction to be much lower than was found in this investigation. These other investigators, however, used fluorine in concentrations much greater than was employed in the present study, and 3 of them (5,7,8) identified caries from lesions observed in unstained and unsectioned teeth.…”

Section: Discussion Of Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

“…(b) Group II received extra fluorine after the molar teeth were erupted and concurrently with the caries-producing diet. These conditions were similar in this regard to those previously employed by others (4,5,6,7,8) and were designed to test the effect of fluorine when present simultaneously with the caries-producing factors. (c) Group III was employed to test the effect of fluorine introduced into the enamel of the molar teeth after their eruption.3 In this case, animals whose teeth were fully formed, were given for 60 days drinking water containing 20 p.p.m.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The time over which the animals were fed the caries-producing diet has varied from 8 weeks (6) to 200 days (5,7). The methods used for the detection of rat caries in fluorine studies have been a mere examination of the teeth under the binocular microscope (5,7,8), a detailed sectioning of the teeth and the employment of a stain (6), and the use of silver nitrate staining of one side of the jaws, this last procedure being checked by grinding and staining suc-2 After the manuscript for this paper had been prepared for publication the paper by F. J. MeClure appeared (J. D. Res. 22: 37, 1943).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Mechanism of Fluorine Inhibition of Caries in the Rat

Norvold

Armstrong

1943

J Dent Res

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The role of fluorine in promoting resistance of teeth to decay has been supported by evidence from three sources: (a) chemical analyses for fluorine in teeth, (b) studies of the incidence of caries in the human as correlated with the fluorine content of drinking water and milk (1) and (c) animal experimentations. The literature referring to the first two lines of evidence has, for the present purposes, been adequately summarized in other places (2, 3). Miller (4) reported the rate of appearance of caries in the rat to be decreased by the addition of large amounts of sodium fluoride or sodium iodoacetate to the food. This observation was confirmed by Hodge and Finn (5) who found the daily oral administration of 3 mg. fluorine in solution to rats reduced, not only the incidence of caries, but also the occurrence of fracture of the cusps of the molar teeth. Cox, Matuschak, Dixon, Dodds and Walker (6) reported that the addition of 41.2 p.p.m. fluorine to the diet of rats during pregnancy and lactation brought about an increased resistance of the teeth of the offspring to caries. Cheyne (7) removed the salivary glands of rats and found that fluorine still exerted a protective effect against caries from which observation he concluded that the influence of fluorine is,not mediated through the secreted oral fluids. McClure and Arnold (8) observed that water containing 2 p.p.m. fluorine had no effect on the incidence of caries in the rat. However, they noted that 125 p.p.m. fluorine in the form of sodium fluoride in either food or water definitely reduced the caries attack rate in their experimental animals. Arnold and McClure (9, 10) recorded observations which indicated that sodium fluoride administered by subcutaneous injection produced an elevation of the fluorine content of the enamel of the molar teeth of young rats without increasing the caries resistance of the same teeth. They also observed that water containing 10 p.p.m. fluorine furnished only slight, if any, protection against caries in the rat. Sognnaes (11) found a probable reduction of the caries attack rate when concentrated solutions of potassium fluoride were applied to the surface of the molar teeth of rats. McClendon and Foster (12) reported a delay of occurrence of caries in the rat when drinking water containing 20 p.p.m. fluorine was given to rats receiving a diet containing only 0.3 p.p.m. fluorine.

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Section: Discussion Of Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Mechanism of Fluorine Inhibition of Caries in the Rat

Norvold

Armstrong

1943

J Dent Res

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“…The control rats represented in Table III, as compared with Table II, were from different breeding strains which may account partly for the different control results. 6 A discrepancy may reside in other data of this type based on group averages, particularly where the number of rats in a group is small and no data are given as to litter distribution (4,7). In all due fairness to such group data it must be noted, however, that up until the time the pronounced effects of fluorides and iodoacetic acid on caries were reported (2, 3), group averages generally did not show very significant differences among groups receiving different treatments.…”

Section: Results Of Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on Induced Dental Caries in Rats

McClure

Arnold

1941

J Dent Res

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The communal water supply at Galesburg, Illinois, as compared with that of Quincy, Illinois, was shown to have a marked beneficial effect in inhibiting human dental caries (1). This finding based on epidemiological evidence was tested experimentally by studying the effects of these two drinking waters on induced caries in rats. The results obtained thus far have proved inadequate to warrant definite conclusions, but the data is none the less useful to call attention to what may be an important factor in the problem of induced caries in rats, namely, a possible litter association as to caries susceptibility existing among experimental rats.Other data in this paper, which is the first of a series of papers reporting some recent observations on rat caries made at the National Institute of Health, relate to the effect of: (a) 2 ppm.3 of fluorine as sodium fluoride in the drinking water; (b) 125 ppm. of fluorine as sodium fluoride in the drinking water; (c) 125 ppm. of fluorine as sodium fluoride in the ration, and (d) 200 ppm. of iodoacetic acid in the ration, together with 20 ppm. of iodoacetic acid in the drinking water.Miller (2) reported the prevention of induced caries in rats by feeding fluorides and iodoacetic acid. His results with respect to fluorides were confirmed by Finn and Hodge (3). Cox, Matuschak, Dixon, Dodds and Walker (4) sought to show a reduced incidence of caries in rats due to fluorides contributed to the offspring by mother rats during gestation and lactation.The first production of carious-like lesions in rats molar teeth is 1 Assodate Pharmacologist, Division of Infectious Diseases.

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“…(b) The presence of fluoride in the fluids of the oral cavity alters bacterial metabolism and inhibits enzyme action. The former theory is supported by the analyses for fluorine in enamel of caries-resistant teeth and by the continuing pro tection against caries afforded to the teeth of rats when fluorine is supplied only during tooth development (83,100) or preceding the feeding of the caries-producing diet (83), as well as by the interpre tation placed upon the caries-inhibiting action of fluorine demonstrated with rats deprived of salivary glands (105). As further evidence for (a) may be citcd the results of a recent re-examination (106) of the teeth of young residents of Bauxite, Arkansas, who, ·as children, drank a high-fluorine water.…”

Section: Teeth and Investing Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biochemical and Nutritional Studies in Relation to the Teeth

Armstrong¹

1942

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

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Experimental Dental Caries

Cited by 46 publications

References 19 publications

Mechanism of Fluorine Inhibition of Caries in the Rat

Mechanism of Fluorine Inhibition of Caries in the Rat

Observations on Induced Dental Caries in Rats

Biochemical and Nutritional Studies in Relation to the Teeth

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