Experimental Design Methodology Applied to the Degradation of a Cytostatic Agent the Imatinib Mesylate Using Fenton Process

Abstract

This manuscript investigates the degradation efficiency of a cytostatic agent imatinib mesylate (IM) by Fenton process. The objective of the study is to determine the effect of initial concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, ferrous ion and IM on the degradation process of IM. In this context, the overall research is conducted in two stages. The first stage of experiments involves the evaluation of the experimental parameters impact on the IM removal using the factorial design; whereas the second one includes the optimization conditions for IM degradation using Doehlert design. Different concentrations of H 2 O 2 (10-50 mmol L −1), Fe(II) (0.5-3 mmol L −1) and IM (0.045-1.7 mmol L −1) are adopted both to assess the main effects of factors and their interactions on the anticancer destruction and to establish the optimum process variables that ensure its total removal. The factorial matrix considering different combinations of factors and levels demonstrates that the concentrations of Fe(II) and IM are the most determining parameters on the removal of the target molecule. The Doehlert matrix reveals that the maximum IM abatement is predicted to be 100.59% (± 0.63) when the optimized reaction conditions are set at 30 mmol L −1 for H 2 O 2 and 2.5 mmol L −1 for Fe(II).

A Box-Behnken design-based chemometric approach to optimize the degradation of hydroxychloroquine in water media using the Fe(0)/S2O2-8/UV system

“…The decomposition of 𝑆 2 O 8 2− ions is activated using UV~irradiation and generates sulfate free radical SO 4 * − , which is a grand oxidant capable of propagating chain oxydation of organic materials. Also, these techniques can be considered clean processes as the complete oxydation of the pollutants produces only carbon dioxide (CO2) and water without secondary pollution compared to other techniques like adsorption and chemical precipitation (Eslami et al 2016;Ghrib et al 2019;Matta et al 2019;Bekakria et al 2020). Nevertheless, the degradation mechanism is sensitive to various operational factors, namely the pH medium, the dose of the oxidation agent, the amount of Fe(0), and the initial concentration of the pollutant (Homem et al 2010;Eslami et al 2016;Ghrib et al 2019;Matta et al 2019;Bekakria et al 2020;Maria et al 2020;Bendjeffal et al 2021;Rahman and Raheem 2022;Salari et al 2022).…”

“…A common element of these methods is the opportunity of varying all optimization-relevant factors at the same time; these variations are made in a way that is efficient in the search and by taking into account a possible interaction between the operating factors (Dall'Agnol et al 2020). The experimental design optimization methods such as Doehlert design (Ghrib et al 2019), Taguchi(Rahman and Raheem 2022), Full Factorial (Maria et al 2020;Radwan et al 2022b), Central composite (Homem et al 2010;Eslami et al 2016),…”

“…and Box-Behnken (Matta et al 2019)are regarded as successful approaches in this field enable the study with more factors at once, organize experiences better, and also identify main interactions between the tested variables, which diminish the number of expiremental tests and the overall fee of the procedure and achieve good results (Homem et al 2010;Eslami et al 2016;Ghrib et al 2019;Matta et al 2019;Bekakria et al 2020;Maria et al 2020;Rahman and Raheem 2022;Salari et al 2022). In our study, a chemometric approach based on the Box-Behnken design (BBD) was used to study the photo-sono-Fenton degradation of the drug hydroxychloroquine, which was discarded in aquatic media.…”

A 2D Convection-Diffusion Model of Anodic Oxidation of Organic Compounds Mediated by Hydroxyl Radicals Using Porous Reactive Electrochemical Membrane

“…The process involves the generation of hydroxyl radicals during the electrochemical decomposition of water and the consequent decomposition of organic compounds [4]. The hydroxyl radical is a highly reactive substance that allows the non-selective oxidation of most bio-degradable and bio-refractory organic pollutants [6]. Comparative studies show that among various methods, anodic oxidation allows achieving the highest mineralization of such compounds [5,[7][8][9][10].…”