“…The loss coefficient of this spacer was similar to that of a conventional wire-wrap spacer at low Reynolds numbers but larger than that of the conventional spacer at high Reynolds numbers. Childs et al [ 15 ] conducted transverse pressure difference measurement on a fuel assembly model with 61 pins and wire-wrapped spacers across a range of Reynolds numbers spanning from 3000 to 18,000. Based on the experimental findings, when the wire-wrap spacer was aligned with the corner of two neighboring faces in the hexagonal duct, the experimental results revealed the coexistence of maximum and minimum pressure at different faces simultaneously.…”