Experimental determination of absolute efficiency and energy resolution for NaI(Tl) and germanium gamma ray detectors at energies from 2.6 to 16.1 MeV

Cecil, F. E.; Wilkinson, F. J.; Ristinen, R.A.; Rieppo, R.

doi:10.1016/0168-9002(85)90994-5

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In contrast, Ge detectors are largely employed for -ray spectroscopy up to 2}3 MeV because they are characterized by an energy resolution which is more than one order of magnitude better. Although the gain stability of Ge detectors is orders of magnitude better than for scintillators, they are not in general used for detection of high-energy -rays because of their low e$ciency connected to their rather small volumes [2]. Larger e$ciencies and intermediate value of the energy resolution can be obtained by using, in a non-standard way, the HpGe detectors of the Ge array with the surrounding BGO scintillator anti-Compton shield that was originally designed to improve the peak/total ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of 15 MeV γ-rays with the Ge cluster detectors of EUROBALL

Million

Bracco

Camera

et al. 2000

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of 15 MeV γ-rays with the Ge cluster detectors of EUROBALL

Million

Bracco

Camera

et al. 2000

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A:

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“…1). It is supposed that the HPGe detectors have an energy resolution of 0.05% (in RMS), which is achievable with the present detector technology 46,47 . The Ge crystals have a 10 cm diameter and a 10 cm length.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nuclear resonance fluorescence drug inspection

Lan

Song

Huang

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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There is an increasing challenge to prevent illicit drug smuggling across borders and seaports. However, the existing techniques in-and-of-themselves are not sufficient to identify the illicit drugs rapidly and accurately. In the present study, combining nuclear resonance fluorescence (NRF) spectroscopy and the element (or isotope) ratio approach, we present a novel inspection method that can simultaneously reveal the elemental (or isotopic) composition of the illicit drugs, such as widely abused methamphetamine, cocaine, heroin, ketamine and morphine. In the NRF spectroscopy, the nuclei are excited by the induced photon beam, and measurement of the characteristic energies of the emitted $$\gamma $$ γ rays from the distinct energy levels in the excited nuclei provides “fingerprints” of the interested elements in the illicit drugs. The element ratio approach is further used to identify drug elemental composition in principle. Monte Carlo simulations show that four NRF peaks from the nuclei $$^{12}$$ 12 C, $$^{14}$$ 14 N and $$^{16}$$ 16 O can be detected with high significance of 7−24$$\sigma $$ σ using an induced photon beam flux of $$10^{11}$$ 10 11 . The ratio of $$^{14}N$$ 14 N /$$^{12}C$$ 12 C and/or $$^{16}O$$ 16 O /$$^{12}C$$ 12 C for illicit drugs inspected are then extracted using the element ratio approach. It is found that the present results of simulations are in good agreement with the theoretical calculations. The feasibility to detect the illicit drugs, inside the 15-mm-thick iron shielding, or surrounded by thin benign materials, is also discussed. It is indicated that, using the state-of-the-art $$\gamma $$ γ -ray source of high intensity and energy-tunability, the proposed method has a great potential for identifying drugs and explosives in a realistic measurement time.

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“…At LUNA the higher energy efficiencies were determined using the 278 keV resonance in 14 N(p,γ) 15 O [3]] and the 163 keV resonance in 11 B(p,γ) 12 C [20]. The 11 B resonance has a small angular distribution [26], and the correction for the relative intensity is less than 3%. While summing is not of concern for the ground state transition of the 15 N(p,γ) 16 O reaction itself, summing plays a significant role in the determination of the γ-efficiency.…”

Section: Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining the S factor of 15N(p,g)16O at Astrophysical Energies

LeBlanc,

Imbriani,

Goerres

et al. 2010

Preprint

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The 15 N(p,γ) 16 O reaction represents a break out reaction linking the first and second cycle of the CNO cycles redistributing the carbon and nitrogen abundances into the oxygen range. The reaction is dominated by two broad resonances at Ep = 338 keV and 1028 keV and a Direct Capture contribution to the ground state of 16 O. Interference effects between these contributions in both the low energy region (Ep < 338 keV) and in between the two resonances (338 < Ep < 1028 keV) can dramatically effect the extrapolation to energies of astrophysical interest. To facilitate a reliable extrapolation the 15 N(p,γ) 16 O reaction has been remeasured covering the energy range from Ep=1800 keV down to 130 keV. The results have been analyzed in the framework of a multi-level R-matrix theory and a S(0) value of 39.6 keV b has been found.

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Experimental determination of absolute efficiency and energy resolution for NaI(Tl) and germanium gamma ray detectors at energies from 2.6 to 16.1 MeV

Cited by 17 publications

References 4 publications

Measurement of 15 MeV γ-rays with the Ge cluster detectors of EUROBALL

Measurement of 15 MeV γ-rays with the Ge cluster detectors of EUROBALL

Nuclear resonance fluorescence drug inspection

Constraining the S factor of 15N(p,g)16O at Astrophysical Energies

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