Experimental determination of salt intrusion mechanisms in the Volkerak estuary

Dronkers, J.; Kreeke, J. van de

doi:10.1016/0077-7579(86)90056-6

Cited by 60 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…1 can be used to estimate K. Its value is found to be close to 500 m 2 s À 1 near the mouth, decreasing to 100-200 m 2 s À 1 between 30 and 50 km. These values are consistent with field estimates of tidal dispersion and with the expectation that the dispersion rate increases near the mouth due to ''non-local'' exchange processes (Stommel and Farmer, 1952;Dronkers and van de Kreeke, 1986;Banas and Hickey, 2005). Farther landward, the estimate becomes negative, indicating that the assumptions leading to Eq.…”

Section: Quantification Of Residence Timesupporting

confidence: 87%

Using a composite grid approach in a complex coastal domain to estimate estuarine residence time

Warner

Geyer

Arango

2010

Computers & Geosciences

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a b s t r a c tWe investigate the processes that influence residence time in a partially mixed estuary using a threedimensional circulation model. The complex geometry of the study region is not optimal for a structured grid model and so we developed a new method of grid connectivity. This involves a novel approach that allows an unlimited number of individual grids to be combined in an efficient manner to produce a composite grid. We then implemented this new method into the numerical Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and developed a composite grid of the Hudson River estuary region to investigate the residence time of a passive tracer. Results show that the residence time is a strong function of the time of release (spring vs. neap tide), the along-channel location, and the initial vertical placement. During neap tides there is a maximum in residence time near the bottom of the estuary at the mid-salt intrusion length. During spring tides the residence time is primarily a function of alongchannel location and does not exhibit a strong vertical variability. This model study of residence time illustrates the utility of the grid connectivity method for circulation and dispersion studies in regions of complex geometry.Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Section: Quantification Of Residence Timesupporting

confidence: 87%

Using a composite grid approach in a complex coastal domain to estimate estuarine residence time

Warner

Geyer

Arango

2010

Computers & Geosciences

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“…Flux decomposition is used to attribute physical processes (e.g., river advection, exchange flow, tidal pumping) to the observed characteristics of a tidal system. Decomposition is most often applied to salt transport [e.g., Fischer, 1972Fischer, , 1976Dyer, 1974;Uncles and Jordan, 1979;Hughes and Rattray, 1980;Dronkers and van de Kreeke, 1986], and the process is also used with sediment flux [Dyer, 1978;Uncles et al, 1985a,b;Su and Wang, 1986]. Despite frequent usage of the technique, the specific implementation often differs among investigations and publications, and the number of terms retained in the decomposition can range from two to eight or more.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sediment dynamics in the lowerMekongRiver: Transition from tidal river to estuary

et al. 2015

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A better understanding of flow and sediment dynamics in the lowermost portions of large‐tropical rivers is essential to constraining estimates of worldwide sediment delivery to the ocean. Flow velocity, salinity, and suspended‐sediment concentration were measured for 25 h at three cross sections in the tidal Song Hau distributary of the Mekong River, Vietnam. Two campaigns took place during comparatively high‐seasonal and low‐seasonal discharge, and estuarine conditions varied dramatically between them. The system transitioned from a tidal river with ephemeral presence of a salt wedge during high flow to a partially mixed estuary during low flow. The changing freshwater input, sediment sources, and estuarine characteristics resulted in seaward sediment export during high flow and landward import during low flow. The Dinh An channel of the Song Hau distributary exported sediment to the coast at a rate of about 1 t s−1 during high flow and imported sediment in a spatially varying manner at approximately 0.3 t s−1 during low flow. Scaling these values results in a yearly Mekong sediment discharge estimate about 65% smaller than a generally accepted estimate of 110 Mt yr−1, although the limited temporal and spatial nature of this study implies a relatively high degree of uncertainty for the new estimate. Fluvial advection of sediment was primarily responsible for the high‐flow sediment export. Exchange‐flow and tidal processes, including local resuspension, were principally responsible for the low‐flow import. The resulting bed‐sediment grain size was coarser and more variable during high flow and finer during low, and the residual flow patterns support the maintenance of mid‐channel islands.

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“…While this vertical residual dominates the upstream transport of salt in many estuaries, lateral residual structure due to bathymetry can also contribute to the longitudinal salt flux (Fischer 1972). Oscillatory tidal dispersion depends on local bathymetry and forcing and can incorporate processes such as tidal pumping, lateral trapping, and oscillatory tidal shear dispersion (Stommel and Farmer 1952;Okubo 1973;Dronkers and van de Kreeke 1986;Fischer et al 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subtidal Salinity and Velocity in the Hudson River Estuary: Observations and Modeling

Ralston

Geyer

Lerczak

2008

Journal of Physical Oceanography

170

159

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A tidally and cross-sectionally averaged model based on the temporal evolution of the quasi-steady Hansen and Rattray equations is applied to simulate the salinity distribution and vertical exchange flow along the Hudson River estuary. The model achieves high skill at hindcasting salinity and residual velocity variation during a 110-day period in 2004 covering a wide range of river discharges and tidal forcing. The approach is based on an existing model framework that has been modified to improve model skill relative to observations. The external forcing has been modified to capture meteorological time-scale variability in salinity, stratification, and residual velocity due to sea level fluctuations at the open boundary and alongestuary wind stress. To reflect changes in vertical mixing due to stratification, the vertical mixing coefficients have been modified to use the bottom boundary layer height rather than the water depth as an effective mixing length scale. The boundary layer parameterization depends on the tidal amplitude and the local baroclinic pressure gradient through the longitudinal Richardson number, and improves the model response to spring-neap variability in tidal amplitude during periods of high river discharge. Finally, steady-state model solutions are evaluated for both the Hudson River and northern San Francisco Bay over a range of forcing conditions. Agreement between the model and scaling of equilibrium salinity intrusions lends confidence that the approach is transferable to other estuaries, despite significant differences in bathymetry. Discrepancies between the model results and observations at high river discharge are indicative of limits at which the formulation begins to fail, and where an alternative approach that captures two-layer dynamics would be more appropriate.

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Experimental determination of salt intrusion mechanisms in the Volkerak estuary

Cited by 60 publications

References 8 publications

Using a composite grid approach in a complex coastal domain to estimate estuarine residence time

Using a composite grid approach in a complex coastal domain to estimate estuarine residence time

Sediment dynamics in the lowerMekongRiver: Transition from tidal river to estuary

Subtidal Salinity and Velocity in the Hudson River Estuary: Observations and Modeling

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