Experimental determination of the diffusion coefficient of dimethylsulfide in water

Saltzman, E. S.; King, Daniel B.; Holmén, Kim; Leck, Caroline

doi:10.1029/93jc01858

Cited by 299 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…where dDMS air-sea /dt is calculated using winds estimated from climatological relationships, [49] an experimentally determined diffusion coefficient, [50] and mixed layer DMS concentrations. Q is defined as the fraction of DMS production contributed by heterotrophic bacteria, such that 1 À Q is the fraction of DMS production contributed by phytoplankton.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revising upper-ocean sulfur dynamics near Bermuda: new lessons from 3 years of concentration and rate measurements

et al. 2016

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Environmental context. Microscopic marine organisms have the potential to influence the global climate through the production of a trace gas, dimethylsulfide, which contributes to cloud formation. Using 3 years of observations, we investigated the environmental drivers behind the production and degradation of dimethylsulfide and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate. Our results highlight the important role of the microbial community in rapidly cycling these compounds and provide an important dataset for future modelling studies.Abstract. Oceanic biogeochemical cycling of dimethylsulfide (DMS), and its precursor dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), has gained considerable attention over the past three decades because of the potential role of DMS in climate mediation. Here we report 3 years of monthly vertical profiles of organic sulfur cycle concentrations (DMS, particulate DMSP (DMSPp) and dissolved DMSP (DMSPd)) and rates (DMSPd consumption, biological DMS consumption and DMS photolysis) from the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) site taken between 2005 and 2008. Concentrations confirm the summer paradox with mixed layer DMS peaking ,90 days after peak DMSPp and ,50 days after peak DMSPp : Chl. A small decline in mixed layer DMS was observed relative to those measured during a previous study at BATS (1992)(1993)(1994), potentially driven by long-term climate shifts at the site. On average, DMS cycling occurred on longer timescales than DMSPd (0.43 AE 0.35 v. 1.39 AE 0.76 day À1 ) with DMSPd consumption rates remaining elevated throughout the year despite significant seasonal variability in the bacterial DMSP degrader community. DMSPp was estimated to account for 4-5 % of mixed layer primary production and turned over at a significantly slower rate (,0.2 day À1 ). Photolysis drove DMS loss in the mixed layer during the summer, whereas biological consumption of DMS was the dominant loss process in the winter and at depth. These findings offer new insight into the underlying mechanisms driving DMS(P) cycling in the oligotrophic ocean, provide an extended dataset for future model evaluation and hypothesis testing and highlight the need for a reexamination of past modelling results and conclusions drawn from data collected with old methodologies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revising upper-ocean sulfur dynamics near Bermuda: new lessons from 3 years of concentration and rate measurements

et al. 2016

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“…Gas transfer coefficients were computed by dividing the observed air/sea fluxes by the air/sea concentration differences. For comparison to other data, the computed transfer coefficient values were normalized to a Schmidt number (Sc) of 720 (DMS at 25 • C; Saltzman et al, 1993) based on the sea surface temperature of the individual measurements, and assuming a Sc −1/2 dependence (Watson et al, 1991). These k 720 values ranged between 0.5-11 m d −1 (Fig.…”

Section: Knorr 06 Dms Air/sea Fluxes and Gas Transfer Coefficientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Open ocean DMS air/sea fluxes over the eastern South Pacific Ocean

et al. 2009

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Abstract. Air/sea fluxes of dimethylsulfide (DMS) were measured by eddy correlation over the Eastern South Pacific Ocean during January 2006. The cruise track extended from Manzanillo, Mexico, along 110 • W, to Punta Arenas, Chile. Bulk air and surface ocean DMS levels were also measured and gas transfer coefficients (k DMS ) were computed. Air and seawater DMS measurements were made using chemical ionization mass spectrometry (API-CIMS) and a gas/liquid membrane equilibrator. Mean surface seawater DMS concentrations were 3.8±2.2 nM and atmospheric mixing ratios were 340±370 ppt. The air/sea flux of DMS was uniformly out of the ocean, with an average value of 12±15 µmol m −2 d −1 . Sea surface concentration and flux were highest around 15 • S, in a region influenced by shelf waters and lowest around 25 • S, in low chlorophyll gyre waters. The DMS gas transfer coefficient exhibited a linear wind speed-dependence over the wind speed range of 1 to 9 m s −1 . This relationship is compared with previously measured estimates of k from DMS, CO 2 , and dual tracer data from the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean, and with the NOAA/COARE gas transfer model. The model generated slope of k vs. wind speed is at the low end of those observed in previous DMS field studies.

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“…Here, ν is the kinematic viscosity for momentum, and D is the diffusion coefficient for gas transfer. The diffusion coefficient of DMS is calculated by (Saltzman et al, 1993)…”

Section: Effect Of Wbl On Dms Transfer Velocitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of wave boundary layer on sea-to-air dimethylsulfide transfer velocity during typhoon passage

Chu

Cheng

2007

Journal of Marine Systems

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Experimental determination of the diffusion coefficient of dimethylsulfide in water

Cited by 299 publications

References 26 publications

Revising upper-ocean sulfur dynamics near Bermuda: new lessons from 3 years of concentration and rate measurements

Revising upper-ocean sulfur dynamics near Bermuda: new lessons from 3 years of concentration and rate measurements

Open ocean DMS air/sea fluxes over the eastern South Pacific Ocean

Effect of wave boundary layer on sea-to-air dimethylsulfide transfer velocity during typhoon passage

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