Signal transduction by luteinizing hormone (LH)3 receptor plays an essential role in the normal reproductive function of both male and female mammals by promoting ovulation, follicle maturation, corpus luteum formation, and steroidogenesis. LH receptor signaling in response to saturating concentrations of LH or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) involves substantial changes in receptor lateral and rotational dynamics (1, 2) as well as the association of LH receptors with membrane rafts (3). FRET techniques (4) and electron microscopy (5) indicate that functional hormone-receptor complexes can also become self-associated into dimers/oligomers following ligand binding. Previous experimental strategies have examined changes in receptor motions on collections of cells or large numbers of fluorescently tagged molecules on single cells. It is now possible, however, to examine the lateral motions of individual LH receptors on living cells using microscope-based single particle tracking techniques (6).Although the mechanism involved in retention of hCG-occupied LH receptors in small membrane compartments is still unclear, exposure to saturating concentrations of hCG results in confinement of the majority of LH receptors within small cell surface compartments. LH receptors remain within these compartments for comparatively long times and appear to diffuse pseudo-randomly before being captured within another compartment of similar size (7). Similar behavior has been described and analyzed by Kusumi and co-workers (6) for selected phospholipids and for transferrin receptors (8) and by Daumas and co-workers (9) for the -opioid receptor. Daumas argues that the -opioid receptor can both diffuse within the bulk membrane and exhibit confinement within a microdomain that itself diffuses slowly. Kusumi and co-workers (6) suggest that particles may be confined by proteins forming a barrier that is either continuous or discontinuous, leading to receptor diffusion within small membrane regions accompanied by intermittent escape from compartments and periods of unrestricted diffusion in the bulk membrane.Our previous studies of LH receptor lateral and rotational diffusion suggest that actin microfilaments or membrane protein interactions with the cytoskeleton may provide organizing structures that restrict the lateral motions of receptors (1, 2). However, the mechanism of hormone-initiated LH receptor confinement in small compartments has not been examined previously in detail at the single molecule level. In the present work, we compared the lateral dynamics of individual LH receptors that were either FLAG-tagged and identified using FLAG-specific antibodies with the diffusion of native receptors occupied by gold nanoparticle-hCG conjugates (Au-hCG) or gold-deglycosylated hCG (Au-DG-hCG). The latter material is