Experimental determination of the gadolinium L subshells fluorescence yields and Coster‐Kronig transition probabilities

Abstract

The L subshell Coster‐Kronig (CK) transition factors of Gd have been experimentally determined by means of two different experimental approaches and compared to available literature data. On the one hand, reference‐free X‐ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis using an energy‐dispersive detector was applied. This method permitted in addition to determine the L subshell fluorescence yields since the absolute incident and emitted X‐ray photon flux can be determined. On the other hand, a wavelength‐dispersive spectrometer based on a modified von Hamos geometry using a full cylinder highly annealed pyrolithic graphite crystal was used for an experimental validation of the CK transition factors in an independent experiment. The use of this high energy resolution spectrometer allowed thanks to the capability to better discriminate the different X‐ray emission lines to validate the reference‐free XRF results. For both experiments, the use of calibrated instrumentation enabled the provision of a reliable uncertainty budget on the results obtained.

A novel and holistic approach for experimental x-ray fundamental parameter determination—the Ru L-shell

“…To improve this situation, the International initiative on x-ray FPs [1] and others are working on revisiting and updating FP databases with new experiments and calculations employing state-of-the-art techniques for a number of years now. At the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), well-characterized physically calibrated instrumentation is employed for dedicated experiments in order to update existing FP data for K-shell fluorescence yields [2][3][4][5], L-shell fluorescence yields and Coster-Kronig (CK) factors [4,[6][7][8][9][10], transition probabilities [11], line energies [12] and even subshell photoionization cross sections [4,13].…”

Experimental determination of ruthenium L-shell fluorescence yields and Coster–Kronig transition probabilities

“…Based on transmission and uorescence experiments on thin lm samples, such FP data can be derived as already demonstrated for a wide range of chemical elements. [11][12][13][14][15] 2 Experimental procedure For an experimental determination of L-shell uorescence yields and Coster-Kronig transition probabilities, both uorescence-and transmission experiments with a selective excitation of the three L-subshells on either a free standing thin foil or a thin coating on a carrier foil are required .11-13,15 In the present work, these experiments were conducted on the fourcrystal monochromator (FCM) beamline 16 of BESSY II using a vacuum chamber that is in-house developed. 17 This chamber was endowed with a silicon dri detector (SDD) of which the detection efficiency is radiometrically calibrated and the response functions are determined experimentally.…”

“…Based on transmission and fluorescence experiments on thin film samples, such FP data can be derived as already demonstrated for a wide range of chemical elements. 11–15…”