Experimental determination of the shipboard fire environment for simulated radioactive material packages

Koski, J.A.; Bobbe, J.G.; Arviso, Michael

doi:10.2172/471425

“…Results such as bulkhead and overhead tempertures, air temperatures in the holds, and flow probe measurements are included in [2]. Over 100 thermocouples, 12 flow probes, two radiometers, two video cameras, and an oxygen sensor were included in the test instrumentation.…”

Section: Abstract: Ship Fires Calorimeters Radioactive Materials Shmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For all tests the calorimeter in Hold 5 was located with its centerline 0.4 m above the deck and 2 m aft of the Hold 4-5 bulkhead. Detailed descriptions of the ship holds involved and instrumentation locations are included in [2].…”

Section: Test Description and Sequencementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Experimental Measurement of a Shipboard Fire Environment with Simulated Radioactive Materials Packages

Koski¹,

Wix²,

Beene³

1998

Very Large-Scale Fires

0

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ABSTRACT:Results from a series of eight test fires ranging in size from 2.2 to 18.8 M W conducted aboard the Coast Guard fire test ship Mayo Lykes at Mobile, Alabama are presented and discussed. Tests aboard the break-bulk type cargo ship consisted of heptane spray fires simulating engine room and galley fires, wood crib fires simulating cargo hold fires, and pool fires staged for comparison to land-based regulatory fire results. Primary instrumentation for the tests consisted of two pipe calorimeters that simulated a typical package shape for radioactive materials packages. The calorimeters were both located adjacent to the fires and on the opposite side of the cargo hold bulkhead nearest the fire. The calorimeters were constructed from 1.5 m length sections of nominal 2 foot diameter schedule 60 steel pipe. Type K thermocouples were attached at 12 locations on the circumference and ends of the calorimeter. Fire heat fluxes to the calorimeter surfaces were estimated with the use of the Sandia SODDIT inverse heat conduction code. Experimental results from all types of tests are discussed, and some comparisons are made between the environments found on the ship and those found in land-based pool fire tests. KEYWORDS: Ship fires, calorimeters, radioactive materials shipments, cargo firesThe safety of land transport of radioactive materials packages has been studied for many years. For example the "modal studies" [l] conducted during the 1980s considered truck and rail shipment of radioactive cargoes. Sea shipments of such cargoes, on the other hand, have not been studied to the same level of detail. In an effort to increase the knowledge of the possible fire exposure that a package might receive during sea transport, a series of eight shipboard fire experiments have been conducted aboard an actual breakbulk cargo ship. The tests were intended to measure a range of possible fire exposures for packages on ships, and give some basis for comparison to fires specified in current safety regulations. This paper presents some key results from the tests. More detail in a report format, including plots of all data collected, is available in Reference Series 6 regulations [5] must also be followed. Together these regulations limit the types of fires that must be considered during sea shipments. For example, the IMDG code specifies that for break-bulk freighters, a watertight bulkhead must separate radioactive cargo from flammable cargo. Thus, the most likely fires on this type of ship are fires with flammable materials in adjacent holds such as engine rooms, galleys and crews quarters, and combustible cargo fires in the same ship hold.The tests were conducted aboard the Mayo Lykes, a World War I1 Victory class cargo ship, maintained by the United States Coast Guard at Mobile, Alabama, specifically for the purpose of fire testing. Two holds, Holds 4 and 5, at the aft end of the ship were selected for the tests. Level 1 of these holds, immediately below the weather deck, was used for all fires and measurements. In all cases t...

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“…For brevity, this paper will concentrate on the results obtained from the steel pipe calorimeters representing simulated radioactive materials packages. Results such as bulkhead and overhead tempertures, air temperatures in the holds, and flow probe measurements are included in [2]. Over 100 thermocouples, 12 flow probes, two radiometers, two video cameras, and an oxygen sensor were included in the test instrumentation.…”

Section: Hold #5mentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental measurement of a shipboard fire environment with simulated radioactive materials packages

Koski¹,

Wix

²

,

Beene

³

1996

Self Cite

0

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ABSTRACT:Results from a series of eight test fires ranging in size from 2.2 to 18.8 M W conducted aboard the Coast Guard fire test ship Mayo Lykes at Mobile, Alabama are presented and discussed. Tests aboard the break-bulk type cargo ship consisted of heptane spray fires simulating engine room and galley fires, wood crib fires simulating cargo hold fires, and pool fires staged for comparison to land-based regulatory fire results. Primary instrumentation for the tests consisted of two pipe calorimeters that simulated a typical package shape for radioactive materials packages. The calorimeters were both located adjacent to the fires and on the opposite side of the cargo hold bulkhead nearest the fire. The calorimeters were constructed from 1.5 m length sections of nominal 2 foot diameter schedule 60 steel pipe. Type K thermocouples were attached at 12 locations on the circumference and ends of the calorimeter. Fire heat fluxes to the calorimeter surfaces were estimated with the use of the Sandia SODDIT inverse heat conduction code. Experimental results from all types of tests are discussed, and some comparisons are made between the environments found on the ship and those found in land-based pool fire tests. KEYWORDS: Ship fires, calorimeters, radioactive materials shipments, cargo firesThe safety of land transport of radioactive materials packages has been studied for many years. For example the "modal studies" [l] conducted during the 1980s considered truck and rail shipment of radioactive cargoes. Sea shipments of such cargoes, on the other hand, have not been studied to the same level of detail. In an effort to increase the knowledge of the possible fire exposure that a package might receive during sea transport, a series of eight shipboard fire experiments have been conducted aboard an actual breakbulk cargo ship. The tests were intended to measure a range of possible fire exposures for packages on ships, and give some basis for comparison to fires specified in current safety regulations. This paper presents some key results from the tests. More detail in a report format, including plots of all data collected, is available in Reference Series 6 regulations [5] must also be followed. Together these regulations limit the types of fires that must be considered during sea shipments. For example, the IMDG code specifies that for break-bulk freighters, a watertight bulkhead must separate radioactive cargo from flammable cargo. Thus, the most likely fires on this type of ship are fires with flammable materials in adjacent holds such as engine rooms, galleys and crews quarters, and combustible cargo fires in the same ship hold.The tests were conducted aboard the Mayo Lykes, a World War I1 Victory class cargo ship, maintained by the United States Coast Guard at Mobile, Alabama, specifically for the purpose of fire testing. Two holds, Holds 4 and 5, at the aft end of the ship were selected for the tests. Level 1 of these holds, immediately below the weather deck, was used for all fires and measurements. In all cases t...

show abstract

“…To improve the knowledge of the shipboard fire environment, a series of tests with simulated radioactive materials packages was conducted aboard an actual freighter and the results reported [2]. If computer models of these tests can be developed and proven to be accurate, then the computation methods developed can be applied with confidence to other shipboard fire geometries, sizes and durations.…”

Section: O Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calculation of shipboard fire conditions for radioactive materials packages with the methods of computational fluid dynamics

Koski¹,

Wix²,

Cole³

1997

Self Cite

1

0

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Experimental determination of the shipboard fire environment for simulated radioactive material packages

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Experimental Measurement of a Shipboard Fire Environment with Simulated Radioactive Materials Packages

Experimental Measurement of a Shipboard Fire Environment with Simulated Radioactive Materials Packages

Experimental measurement of a shipboard fire environment with simulated radioactive materials packages

Calculation of shipboard fire conditions for radioactive materials packages with the methods of computational fluid dynamics

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