Experimental determination of upper flammability limits of synthesized iso-paraffins (SIP), Jet fuel and their mixtures with air at atmospheric and sub-atmospheric pressures

Barbosa, Jean Andrade; Coronado, Christian Jeremi R.; Andrade, José Carlos de; Tuna, Celso Eduardo; Silva, Marcos H.; Carvalho, João Andrade de; Mendiburu, Andrés Z.

doi:10.1016/j.psep.2022.02.016

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…SIP fuels are produced using the Fischer-Tropsch process or through the hydroprocessing of renewable fats and oils. These processes yield a high-quality fuel that contains no sulfur and has excellent combustion properties [36,37]. The benefits of SIP fuels include their ability to significantly reduce emissions of particulates and greenhouse gases compared to conventional jet fuels.…”

Section: Synthetic Iso-paraffin (Sip) Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Technologically, SIP fuels are compatible with existing aircraft engines and fuel distribution infrastructure, which allows them to be blended with traditional jet fuels without any modifications to aircraft systems. This compatibility is pivotal for the adoption of SIP fuels in the aviation industry, as it enables airlines to transition to greener fuels without incurring substantial retrofitting costs or operational changes [37]. There are challenges associated with the widespread adoption of SIP fuels.…”

Section: Synthetic Iso-paraffin (Sip) Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fischer-Tropsch process or hydroprocessing of renewable fats and oils [36,37] Reduction in particulate and GHG emissions; compatible with existing engines and infrastructure [36,37] Higher production costs; scalability and sustainability of feedstock supply chains [38] High-quality fuel with no sulfur; excellent combustion properties [36] Fischer-Tropsch (FT) Fuel Conversion of syngas (from coal, natural gas, or biomass) into liquid hydrocarbons [39,40] Sulfur-free; lower GHG emissions; high performance in engines [41,42] Capital-intensive production plants; variability in feedstock costs [43,44] Advances in catalysis and process engineering; integration of carbon capture and utilization technologies [45,46] Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ) Conversion of alcohols (ethanol, isobutanol) into synthetic paraffinic kerosene [47,48] Uses renewable feedstocks;sSignificant GHG emissions reduction [49,50] High initial capital investment; economic viability depends on feedstock costs and fermentation efficiency [51] Established catalytic processes for dehydration and oligomerization [47,48] Oil from Algae Cultivation of algae, lipid extraction, and refining into biofuel [54][55][56][57] High oil yields per area; can be cultivated in diverse environments without competing with agricultural resources [54,55] Economic costs of large-scale production; energy-intensive cultivation and harvesting processes [56][57][58] Optimization of growth conditions; integration with waste management systems [59,60] Energies 2024, 17, 2650 9 of 17…”

Section: Type Of Biofuel Production Process Benefits Challenges Techn...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biofuels in Aviation: Exploring the Impact of Sustainable Aviation Fuels in Aircraft Engines

Khujamberdiev,

Cho

2024

Energies

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This comprehensive review examines the role of sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) in promoting a more environmentally responsible aviation industry. This study explores various types of biofuels, including hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFAs), Fischer–Tropsch (FT) fuels, alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) fuels, and oil derived from algae. Technological advancements in production and processing have enabled SAF to offer significant reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants, contributing to a cleaner environment and better air quality. The review addresses the environmental, economic, and technical benefits of SAF, as well as the challenges associated with their adoption. Lifecycle analyses are used to assess the net environmental benefits of SAF, with a focus on feedstock sustainability, energy efficiency, and potential impacts on biodiversity and land use. Challenges such as economic viability, scalability, and regulatory compliance are discussed, with emphasis on the need for supportive policies and international collaboration to ensure the long-term sustainability of SAF. This study also explores current applications of SAF in commercial airlines and military settings, highlighting successful case studies and regional differences driven by policy frameworks and government incentives. By promoting technological innovation and addressing regulatory and economic barriers, SAF has the potential to play a crucial role in the aviation industry’s transition toward sustainability.

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Section: Synthetic Iso-paraffin (Sip) Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Synthetic Iso-paraffin (Sip) Fuelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Type Of Biofuel Production Process Benefits Challenges Techn...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biofuels in Aviation: Exploring the Impact of Sustainable Aviation Fuels in Aircraft Engines

Khujamberdiev,

Cho

2024

Energies

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“…In this table, the emphasis is on experimental work in which the FLs were determined with vessels of different volumes and/or geometries. As observed in Figure , there are 73 works in which cylindrical vessels were used, ,,,,,,− 62 works in which spherical vessels were used, ,,,,− ...…”

Section: Experimental Determination Of the Flammability Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…General characteristics of most common experimental equipment used to determine the flammability limits. (a) Experimental works with cylindrical vessels. ,,,,,,− (b) Experimental works with spherical vessels. ,,,,− …”

Section: Experimental Determination Of the Flammability Limitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flammability Limits: A Comprehensive Review of Theory, Experiments, and Estimation Methods

Mendiburu

Carvalho

2023

Energy Fuels

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Flammability limits play an important role in combustion research, industrial applications, and fire safety. This article provides a comprehensive review of recent developments in the fundamental understanding of flammability limits and their experimental determination as well as estimation methods for pure fuels and fuel mixtures. The article begins with a discussion of the importance and challenges of determining flammability limits. It then presents the theoretical, computational, and experimental methods available to understand the mechanism of flammability limits and to quantify them. The experimental setups using cylindrical and spherical vessels to determine the flammability limits are discussed. The effects of buoyancy, thermal radiation, and flame stretch are examined. The relationship between the fundamental flammability limits and the extinction limits of stretched flames via strain and radiation is presented. The effects of initial temperature, pressure, mixtures of different fuels, and diluents are examined, and available estimation methods are presented. Finally, the flammability limits of renewable and alternative fuels are addressed and strategies for estimating the flammability limits of these fuels are presented.

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Study of ethanol vapor explosion and prediction based on chemical kinetics under high temperature and pressure

Qi,

Ding,

Pan

et al. 2023

Process Safety Progress

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The study of the explosion parameters of ethanol–air mixture at high pressure and temperature is essential for the safe production of ethanol. However, the explosion characteristics of ethanol vapor at various pressures and temperatures are limited. The mechanism at the flammability limits of ethanol has not been clarified, and the corresponding prediction model is also lacking. In this study, chemical kinetics and machine learning are used to study the mechanism of ethanol explosion and build predictive models, respectively. Our findings show that an increase in the initial pressure has a more pronounced influence on the explosion pressure (Pex) and pressure rise rate (dp/dt) than an increase of temperature. The variation trend of the upper flammability limit (UFL) of ethanol is related to the different effects of temperature and pressure on OH radicals. H + O2<>OH + O and HO2 + CH3<>OH + CH3O had the greatest effect on the generation of OH radicals. The quantitative relationship between the H, O, and OH radicals and UFL was constructed by machine learning, providing a new research perspective for the prediction of the UFL of an inflammable fuel under different pressures and temperatures. The results of the study will provide theoretical and practical guidance for the prevention and control of explosions in the ethanol production process.

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Experimental determination of upper flammability limits of synthesized iso-paraffins (SIP), Jet fuel and their mixtures with air at atmospheric and sub-atmospheric pressures

Cited by 10 publications

References 61 publications

Biofuels in Aviation: Exploring the Impact of Sustainable Aviation Fuels in Aircraft Engines

Biofuels in Aviation: Exploring the Impact of Sustainable Aviation Fuels in Aircraft Engines

Flammability Limits: A Comprehensive Review of Theory, Experiments, and Estimation Methods

Study of ethanol vapor explosion and prediction based on chemical kinetics under high temperature and pressure

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