Experimental determination of Zn isotope fractionation during evaporative loss at extreme temperatures

Wimpenny, Josh; Marks, Naomi; Knight, Kim B.; Rolison, John M.; Borg, L. E.; Eppich, Gary R.; Badro, James; Ryerson, Frederick J.; Sanborn, M. E.; Huyskens, Magdalena H.; Yin, Qing‐Zhu

doi:10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.016

Cited by 42 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Modeling the effect of zinc isotope evaporation is possible through empirically derived fractionation factors that are closer to unity (>0.999) than theoretical values (Day et al, 2017b;Wimpenny et al, 2019). Acknowledging that there was no single mantle source for MGS rocks, we take the approach of modeling evaporation processes in them as a unified process, with an initial starting composition of 30 ppm Zn and δ 66 Zn = 1.25 .…”

Section: Evaporation Condensation Mixing and Contamination At The Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mare basalt meteorites, magnesian-suite rocks and KREEP reveal loss of zinc during and after lunar formation

Day

Kooten

Hofmann

et al. 2020

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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Isotopic compositions of reservoirs in the Moon can be constrained from analysis of rocks generated during lunar magmatic differentiation. Mare basalts sample the largest lunar mantle volume, from olivine-and pyroxene-rich cumulates, whereas ferroan anorthosites and magnesian-suite rocks represent early crustal materials. Incompatible element enriched rocks, known as 'KREEP,' probably preserve evidence for the last highly differentiated melts. Here we show that mare basalts, including Apollo samples and meteorites, have remarkably consistent δ 66 Zn values (+1.4 ± 0.2) and Zn abundances (1.5 ± 0.4 ppm). Analyses of magnesian-suite rocks show them to be characterized by even heavier δ 66 Zn values (2.5 to 9.3) and low Zn concentrations. KREEP-rich impact melt breccia Sayh al Uhaymir 169 has a nearly identical Zn composition to mare basalts (δ 66 Zn = 1.3) and a low Zn abundance (0.5 ppm). Much of this variation can be explained through progressive depletion of Zn and preferential loss of the light isotopes in response to evaporative fractionation processes during a lunar magma ocean. Samples with isotopically light Zn can be explained by either direct condensation or mixing and contamination processes at the lunar surface. The δ 66 Zn of Sayh al Uhaymir 169 is probably compromised by mixing processes of KREEP with mafic components. Correlations of Zn with Cl isotopes suggest that the urKREEP reservoir should be isotopically heavy with respect to Zn, like magnesian-suite rocks. Current models to explain how and when Zn and other volatile elements were lost from the Moon include nebular processes, prior to lunar formation, and planetary processes, either during giant impact, or magmatic differentiation. Our results provide unambiguous evidence for the latter process. Notwithstanding, with the currently available volatile stable isotope datasets, it is difficult to discount if the Moon lost its volatiles relative to Earth either during giant impact or exclusively from later magmatic differentiation. If the Moon did begin initially volatile-depleted, then the mare basalt δ 66 Zn value likely preserves the signature, and the Moon lost 96% of its Zn inventory relative to Earth and was also characterized by isotopically heavy Cl (δ 37 Cl = ≥8). Alternative loss mechanisms, including erosive impact removing a steam atmosphere need to be examined in detail, but nebular processes of volatile loss do not appear necessary to explain lunar and terrestrial volatile inventories.

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Section: Evaporation Condensation Mixing and Contamination At The Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mare basalt meteorites, magnesian-suite rocks and KREEP reveal loss of zinc during and after lunar formation

Day

Kooten

Hofmann

et al. 2020

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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“…Further insight on the mechanism of MVE depletion of the Moon relative to Earth is provided by isotopic studies. It has been found that lunar samples exhibit massdependent isotopic fractionation relative to Earth for various MVEs (K, Rb, Zn, Cl, Sn, Cr, Ga; Herzog et al, 2009;Sharp et al, 2010;Paniello et al, 2012;Boyce et al, 2015Boyce et al, , 2018Kato et al, 2015;Wang and Jacobsen, 2016;Day et al, 2017;Kato and Moynier, 2017;Pringle and Moynier, 2017;Dhaliwal et al, 2018;Sossi et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2019a,b;Stephant et al, 2019;Nie and Dauphas, 2019;Wimpenny et al, 2019, see Figure 4). Different elements show different directions and magnitudes of fractionation and there is considerable variability in the fractionation of different lunar samples for some elements.…”

Section: Moderately Volatile Element Isotopic Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of the Moon and Preservation of Ancient Terrestrial Heterogeneities

et al. 2020

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HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

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“…The role of local pressure was first studied extensively in the case of water evaporation (e.g., 19,51). More recent studies on other isotope systems explore this question from an experimental viewpoint 73,74 and theoretical viewpoint ( [20][21][22]45 . Evaporation experiments have demonstrated that in the presence of an ambient gas, the evaporation rate of solid or liquid is lower than in the vacuum 75,76 .…”

Section: Influence Of Local Partial Pressurementioning

confidence: 99%

Isotope Fractionation during Condensation and Evaporation during Planet Formation Processes

Bourdon

Fitoussi

2020

ACS Earth Space Chem.

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During the early stages of a protoplanetary disk, it is expected that the temperatures reached in the disk will lead to total or partial vaporization of dust, followed by condensation upon cooling. Similarly, chondrule forming events or giant impacts followed by magma oceans can also produce partial evaporation. Thus, moderately volatile elements can be mobilized during these thermal events, thereby leading to characteristic isotope signatures that can be used to decipher the conditions of elemental fractionation. Indeed, the magnitude of isotope fractionation of moderately volatile elements is directly modulated by the partial pressure of the element of interest. Thus, the isotope fractionation pattern for a given level of elemental depletion can be used to infer the

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Experimental determination of Zn isotope fractionation during evaporative loss at extreme temperatures

Cited by 42 publications

References 75 publications

Mare basalt meteorites, magnesian-suite rocks and KREEP reveal loss of zinc during and after lunar formation

Mare basalt meteorites, magnesian-suite rocks and KREEP reveal loss of zinc during and after lunar formation

Geochemical Constraints on the Origin of the Moon and Preservation of Ancient Terrestrial Heterogeneities

Isotope Fractionation during Condensation and Evaporation during Planet Formation Processes

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