Experimental Evaluation of Body Channel Response and Digital Modulation Schemes for Intra-body Communications

Ruiz, J.A.; Shimamoto, Shigeru

doi:10.1109/icc.2006.254752

Cited by 37 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Jordi Agud Ruiz and Shigeru Shimamoto published a paper [9] in 2006 to investigate the transmission characteristics of the human body considering high radio frequency signals. The experiment results of the frequency domain response have shown that the received signal power decreases when the frequency increases, and the power decrease is faster when the distance between TX and RX is larger.…”

Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on Empirical Channel Models for WBAN

Kaur¹,

Malhotra²

2015

IJFGCN

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Section: Literature Surveymentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey on Empirical Channel Models for WBAN

Kaur¹,

Malhotra²

2015

IJFGCN

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show abstract

“…[14], [6], [29] and [30] are some of the examples from the reviewed literature whose actual human body propagation loss is masked either due to the direct return path provided by earth grounded lab instruments as shown in receiver ground is connected with instrument ground during measurements to avoid floating ground conditions. The earth grounded lab instruments used for measurements therefore improve transmission for battery operated transmitters and receivers due to their indirect coupling with earth ground as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Tx Rxmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He considers that quasi-electrostatic assumption is valid under 3 MHz and is dominant over radiation field in this range. Ruiz [12,13] determined suitable frequency range between 200 MHz to 600 MHz for capacitive BCC channel using earth grounded signal generator and wireless communication analyzer for 20 cm and 155 cm distances. Cho [14] determined optimum frequency range between 10 MHz to 100 MHz after measuring electric field intensity from 100 kHz to 150 MHz range using battery operated transmitter but earth grounded digital oscilloscope and spectrum analyzer as receiver for 10 cm, 40 cm and 120 cm distances around both arms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation-Aware System Design Simulation Methodology for Capacitive BCC Transceivers

Kazim

2015

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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Capacitive body coupled communication (BCC), frequency range 500 kHz to 15 MHz 1 , is considered an emerging alternate short range wireless technology which can meet the stringent low power consumption (< 1 mW) 2 and low data rate (< 100 kbps) 3 requirements for the next generation of connected devices for applications like internet-of-things (IoT) and wireless sensor network (WSN). But a reliable solution for this mode of communication covering all possible body positions and maximum communication distances around the human body could not be presented so far, despite its inception around 20 years back in 1995. The uncertainties/errors associated with experimental measurement setup create ambiguity about the measured propagation loss or transmission errors. The reason is the usage of either earth grounded lab instruments or the direct coupling of earth ground with transmitter/receiver or the analog front end cut-off frequency limitations in a few MHz region or the balun to provide isolation or the measurements on simplified homogeneous biological phantoms. Another source of ambiguity in the experimental measurements is attributed to the natural variations in human tissue electrophysiological properties from person to person which are also affected by physical factors like age, gender, number of cells at different body locations and humidity. The analytical models presented in the literature are also oversimplified which do not predict the true propagation loss for capacitive BCC channel.An attempt is being made to understand and demonstrate, qualitatively and quantitatively, the physical phenomenon of signal transmission and propagation characteristics e.g., path loss in complex scenarios for capacitive BCC channel by both the experimental observations/measurements and simulation models in this PhD dissertation. An alternate system design simulation methodology has been proposed which estimates the realistic path loss even for longer communication distances > 50 cm for capacitive BCC channel. The proposed simulation methodology allows to vary human tissue dielectric/thickness properties and easily integrates with the circuit simulators as the output is in the form of S-parameters. The advantage is that the capacitive BCC channel characteristics e.g., signal attenuation as a function of different physical factors could be readily simulated at the circuit level to choose appropriate circuit topology and define suitable system specifications. This simulation methodology is based on full-wave electromagnetic analysis and 3D modeling of human body and environment using their conductivity, permittivity, and tangent loss profile to estimate the realistic propagation loss or path loss due to their combined interaction with the electrode coupler for capacitive BCC channel. This methodology estimates the complex path impedance from transmitter to receiver which is important to determine the matching requirements for maximum power transfer. The simulation methodology also contributes towards better understanding of...

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“…According to Ruiz and Shimamoto [69], the received power could be modelled as a normal distribution. The modulation methods BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, 16QAM, and MSK provided symbol rates range from 100 ksps to 5 Msps with transmission power of 15 dBm and carrier frequency of 200 MHz [21,65]. Although MSK achieved the best performance [65], it was the most sensible modulation scheme so that the modulation quality decreased as symbol rate increased [21].…”

Section: Static Body Behaviormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The communication performance of HBC systems was investigated by using simulations [37] and experiments [17,61,64,65]. Also many prototypes [32,41,60] have been developed to achieve different communication performance.…”

Section: Communication Performance Of Hbc Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Human Body Communication: Signal Propagation Model, Communication Performance, and Experimental Issues

Zhao

Chen²,

Liang

et al. 2017

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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Human body communication (HBC), which uses the human body tissue as the transmission medium to transmit health informatics, serves as a promising physical layer solution for the body area network (BAN). The human centric nature of HBC offers an innovative method to transfer the healthcare data, whose transmission requires low interference and reliable data link. Therefore, the deployment of HBC system obtaining good communication performance is required. In this regard, a tutorial review on the important issues related to HBC data transmission such as signal propagation model, channel characteristics, communication performance, and experimental considerations is conducted. In this work, the development of HBC and its first attempts are firstly reviewed. Then a survey on the signal propagation models is introduced. Based on these models, the channel characteristics are summarized; the communication performance and selection of transmission parameters are also investigated. Moreover, the experimental issues, such as electrodes and grounding strategies, are also discussed. Finally, the recommended future studies are provided.

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Experimental Evaluation of Body Channel Response and Digital Modulation Schemes for Intra-body Communications

Cited by 37 publications

References 6 publications

Survey on Empirical Channel Models for WBAN

Survey on Empirical Channel Models for WBAN

Variation-Aware System Design Simulation Methodology for Capacitive BCC Transceivers

A Review on Human Body Communication: Signal Propagation Model, Communication Performance, and Experimental Issues

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