2013
DOI: 10.1007/s10682-013-9685-4
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Experimental evidence for predator learning and Müllerian mimicry in Peruvian poison frogs (Ranitomeya, Dendrobatidae)

Abstract: Abstract:Poison frogs are characterized by bright coloration, striking patterns, and toxicity; they have thus become a classic example of aposematism. Ranitomeya imitator mimics three congeneric model species (R. fantastica, R. summersi, and two morphs of R. variabilis), creating geographically distinct populations of the species, including four allopatric mimetic morphs (a "mimetic radiation"). These complexes are thought to represent a case of Müllerian mimicry, but no empirical data exist on predator-learne… Show more

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Cited by 39 publications
(43 citation statements)
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“…These are primarily antderived alkaloids, although allopumiliotoxins are derived from mites (Saporito et al 2012. These alkaloid data are similar to those we collected (Stuckert et al 2014a) in a previous study examining alkaloids across mimicry complexes of Ranitomeya sp., indicating that our data set is comparable in both the quantities of alkaloids and variance to other populations and studies.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 84%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…These are primarily antderived alkaloids, although allopumiliotoxins are derived from mites (Saporito et al 2012. These alkaloid data are similar to those we collected (Stuckert et al 2014a) in a previous study examining alkaloids across mimicry complexes of Ranitomeya sp., indicating that our data set is comparable in both the quantities of alkaloids and variance to other populations and studies.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 84%
“…The findings of our study indicate that males in this population of R. imitator have a qualitatively honest aposematic signal, but do not signal in a quantitatively honest manner. Although our sample size is small, we view this is an ecologically relevant sample size, as it is unlikely that predators sample many poison frogs before they learn avoidance (e.g., in lab experiments, model predators learn to avoid poison frogs rapidly; Darst and Cummings, 2006;Stuckert et al, 2014a). Therefore, predators apparently do not use frog brightness as an indicator of toxicity to adjust their attack probability.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, coexisting and sometimes distantly related aposematic species have evolved convergent warning signals, a phenomenon termed Müllerian mimicry, after the German biologist Fritz Müller, who formalized it first [9]. For example, Dendrobatid frog species in the Amazonian forest have evolved convergent skin colour patterns [10], while some neotropical aposematic butterflies and moths share conspicuous wing colour patterns (Fig. 1).…”
Section: Warning Signals and Mimicrymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, the hypothesis of Müllerian mimicry in Ranitomeya was only recently tested in a study describing reciprocal learned avoidance by predators between co-mimetic R. variabilis and R. imitator [29] . Reciprocal learned avoidance is a key tenet of Müllerian mimicry, and the results of Stuckert et al [29] support the hypothesis of a Müllerian mimicry system—the first known in anurans.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%