Experimental examination of movement of the giant scallop, Placopecten magellanicus

Stokesbury, K. D. E.; Himmelman, John H.

doi:10.1007/bf00351046

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Animals such as sea scallops have adapted to this unstable environment, for example, juveniles can attach to pebbles or larger particles using byssal threads, allowing them to remain stationary. The adult sea scallop's ability to swim, form depressions in sand/granule/pebble substrates and orient itself to avoid sediments entering the pallial gap reduces the effects of these currents, allowing it to persist in dynamic areas (Baird 1954, Caddy 1968, Dadswell & Weihs 1990, Cheng & Demont 1996, Stokesbury & Himmelman 1996, Stokesbury 2002, Stokesbury et al 2004. Further, the sea scallop shell appears to be the most stable surface in sand/granule/pebble sediments and provides a structure to which sessile epifauna attach; for example, 49 species were identified on scallop shells in the Bay of Fundy (Kenchington 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of limited short-term sea scallop fishery on epibenthic community of Georges Bank closed areas

Stokesbury¹,

Harris²

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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On Georges Bank, 2 areas that had been closed to sea scallop fishing since 1994 were opened for a limited harvest from August 2000 to February 2001. The effects of this limited short-term fishery on the epibenthic community were examined using a 'before/after, control/impact' environmental design conducted with video surveys. A centric systematic survey with 1379 stations placed on a 1.57 km grid, with 4 video quadrats collected at each station (3.235 m 2 per quadrat equaling 17 789 m 2 total sample area), was completed in 2 control and 2 impact areas before and after the fishery. The sea scallops Placopecten magellanicus and starfishes (primarily Asterias vulgaris) comprised more than 84% of the fauna. Changes in the number of taxonomic categories and the density of individuals within each category in the areas impacted by the fishery were similar to changes in the control areas that remained closed to fishing. Further, sediment composition shifted between surveys more than epibenthic faunal composition, suggesting that this community is adapted to a dynamic environment. The limited short-term sea scallop fishery on Georges Bank appeared to alter the epibenthic community less than the natural dynamic environmental conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of limited short-term sea scallop fishery on epibenthic community of Georges Bank closed areas

Stokesbury¹,

Harris²

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Sea scallops are highly fecund, gonochoristic broadcast spawners with pelagic larvae; abundances may increase dramatically when conditions favor reproduction and survival (Caddy 1989). These attributes, coupled with low mortality rates (Merrill & Posgay 1964), fast growth rates (summarized in Caddy 1989 and , and limited movement (Posgay 1981, Stokesbury & Himmelman 1996, make the scallop's life history well suited to rotational management strategies (Hart & Rago 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental fishing mortality may be responsible for the death of ten billion juvenile sea scallops in the mid-Atlantic

Stokesbury¹,

Carey²,

Harris³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…These depressions change their exposure to benthic current velocity and direction (Yager et al 1993). Video recordings of scallops maintained in aquariums with low water flows show that they frequently employ pivoting movements, mean frequencies varying from 1.1 (SD = 1.1) to 9.6 (SD = 10.4) movements per 2-h experiment (Stokesbury and Himmelman 1995b). We observed significant orientation only on bedrock substratum.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Examination of orientation of the giant scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, in natural habitats

Stokesbury¹,

Himmelman²

1995

Can. J. Zool.

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Observations in 1991 along randomly placed transects within two aggregations (beds) of the giant scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, in Port Daniel Bay, Baie des Chaleurs, Gulf of St. Lawrence, showed that scallops were oriented randomly. During 1992, tag -release experiments were conducted on scallops at four sites, two on gravel (one in each of the above beds), one on sand, and one on bedrock, to examine the effects of current on scallop orientation over time. Current directions and velocities were measured at each site. Circular statistics applied to orientation distributions showed that scallops at the sites with gravel or sand substrata were randomly oriented and also changed orientation between successive observations at random. In contrast, at the bedrock site, scallops were significantly oriented and shifts of 120" -150" between successive observations were less frequent than would occur at random. The differences at the bedrock site possibly occurred because the scallops could not recess into the substratum and were thus more directly exposed to bottom currents. Although giant scallops have the capacity to orient themselves to current, they likely do not do so on gravel or sand substrata if current velocities are below 18.3 cm . s-' .RCsumC : En 1991, l'observation le long de transects choisis aleatoirement au sein de deux communautCs concentrCes de PCtoncles gCants (Placopecten magellanicus) dans la baie de Port-Daniel, Baie des Chaleurs, Golfe du Saint-Laurent, a dCmontrC que les pCtoncles s'orientaient alkatoirement. En 1992, des expdriences de marquage ont CtC faites en quatre points, deux sur le gravier (une dans chacune des communautCs citCes ci-haut), une sur le sable et l'autre sur la roche mhre, dans le but d'Ctudier les effets du courant sur l'orientation des pCtoncles en fonction du temps. La direction et la vitesse des courants ont it6 mesuries A chaque endroit. Des statistiques circulaires appliquCes A la distribution des orientations ont permis d'Ctablir que les pCtoncles sur les substrats de gravier ou de sable s'orientaient alkatoirement et changeaient d'orientation de f a~o n alCatoire entre les observations. En revanche, sur le substrat de roche mhre, les pCtoncles Ctaient orient& de f a~o n particulihre et leurs rotations de 120" -150" entre les observations se sont avCrCes moins frCquentes que si elles avaient CtC dues au hasard. Les differences enregistrees sur la roche mhre sont probablement attribuables A 1'impossibilitC pour les pCtoncles de s'enfoncer dans le substrat, ce qui les expose plus directement aux courants de fond. Bien que les PCtoncles gCants soient capables de s'orienter dans le courant, ils ne semblent pas le faire sur les substrats de gravier ou de sable lorsque la vitesse du courant est inferieure A 18,3 cm s-l.[Traduit par la RCdaction]

show abstract

Experimental examination of movement of the giant scallop, Placopecten magellanicus

Cited by 22 publications

References 23 publications

Impact of limited short-term sea scallop fishery on epibenthic community of Georges Bank closed areas

Impact of limited short-term sea scallop fishery on epibenthic community of Georges Bank closed areas

Incidental fishing mortality may be responsible for the death of ten billion juvenile sea scallops in the mid-Atlantic

Examination of orientation of the giant scallop, Placopecten magellanicus, in natural habitats

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