Experimental Extraction of Effective Refractive Index and Thermo-Optic Coefficients of Silicon-on-Insulator Waveguides Using Interferometers

Dwivedi, Sarvagya; Ruocco, Alfonso; Vanslembrouck, Michaël; Spuesens, Thijs; Bienstman, Peter; Dumon, Pieter; Vaerenbergh, Thomas Van; Bogaerts, Wim

doi:10.1109/jlt.2015.2476603

Cited by 50 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For instance, it is fairly easy to calculate the effective index of a waveguide mode with an eigenmode solver, but it is very difficult to directly meausure the effective index of a waveguide on a chip. For this, special test structures need to be designed . Therefore, it is important to include relevant test structures in the chip design.…”

Section: Challenges For An Integrated Photonic Design Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a result, simulating the fabricated geometry to extract the effective index will also introduce an error. Alternatively, a test structure can be designed to directly measure the effective index, but in this process there will also be errors due to measurement alignment and variability in the coupling structure.…”

Section: Challenges For An Integrated Photonic Design Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Silicon Photonics Circuit Design: Methods, Tools and Challenges

Bogaerts

Chrostowski

2018

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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437

230

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Silicon Photonics technology is rapidly maturing as a platform for larger‐scale photonic circuits. As a result, the associated design methodologies are also evolving from component‐oriented design to a more circuit‐oriented design flow, that makes abstraction from the very detailed geometry and enables design on a larger scale. In this paper, the state of this emerging photonic circuit design flow and its synergies with electronic design automation (EDA) are reviewed. The design flow from schematic capture, circuit simulation, layout and verification is covered. The similarities and the differences between photonic and electronic design, and the challenges and opportunities that present themselves in the new photonic design landscape, such as variability analysis, photonic‐electronic co‐simulation and compact model definition are discussed.

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Section: Challenges For An Integrated Photonic Design Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Challenges For An Integrated Photonic Design Flowmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Photonics Circuit Design: Methods, Tools and Challenges

Bogaerts

Chrostowski

2018

Laser & Photonics Reviews

Self Cite

437

230

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“…The measurement of these parameters, including their wavelength dependence and the statistics of their variability, is critically important for understanding the behavior of PICs and for tracking fabrication errors [1]. It is possible to discover the variations in waveguide dimensions by characterization of group refractive index, but this requires a very accurate method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible to discover the variations in waveguide dimensions by characterization of group refractive index, but this requires a very accurate method. Many approaches have been proposed in literature [1,2]. On-chip interferometers have been used to experimentally extract the group refractive index with high accuracy, but such structures cannot be embedded alongside target devices [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many approaches have been proposed in literature [1,2]. On-chip interferometers have been used to experimentally extract the group refractive index with high accuracy, but such structures cannot be embedded alongside target devices [1]. Optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR) enables measurement of group refractive index within a compact single waveguide structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High resolution optical frequency domain reflectometry for measurement of waveguide group refractive index

Zhao

Pustakhod

Williams

et al. 2017

2017 IEEE Photonics Conference (IPC)

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• A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website.• The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review.• The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.• Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research.• You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal. Abstract-We present a high-resolution optical frequency domain reflectometry for characterization of group refractive index of waveguides in photonic integrated circuits. The method provides a relative accuracy of 10 -4 for group refractive index measurements and of 10 -3 for its dispersion.

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Nanophotonic Polarization Routers Based on an Intelligent Algorithm

Liu

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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computing. This requires on-chip integrated photonic devices to have the performances of small volume, low power consumption, and easy integration with other nanophotonic devices. [3,4] As an essential component of on-chip integrated photonic devices, polarization router can separate and steer light with different polarizations of transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes into different output ports, so as to realize polarization division multiplex of channels. In the past few years, polarization routers are generally realized based on gratings, [5][6][7][8] optical waveguides, [9][10][11][12] photonic crystals, [13][14][15][16] plasmonic structures, [17][18][19][20] metamaterials [21][22][23] or some other structures. [24][25][26][27] Polarization routers based on gratings or waveguides usually possess simple configurations and high extinction ratio, but the large size restricts the practical applications for onchip dense integration. [5,[7][8][9][10] The routers based on photonic crystals possess high transmittance, but the bandwidth is narrow and the crosstalk is relatively large. [13,16] The plasmonic polarization routers are broadband and have smaller size, but usually possess large loss. [17,18] Polarization routers based on metamaterials have high efficiency, but the fabrication process is complicated and the size is relatively large. [21,23] Large size and low-efficiency excitation of traditional design cause the polarization routers to be difficult to meet the requirements of high-density on-chip integration. Therefore, it is a great challenge Nanophotonic polarization routers, which can separate and steer light with different polarizations of transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes into different output ports, are an essential component of on-chip integrated photonic circuits. By developing an intelligent algorithm that combines the genetic algorithm and the finite element method, various polarization routers possessing different operation bands, different structures, and different materials, which can be easily fabricated and integrated, are successfully designed. On-chip ultrasmall silicon-based polarization routers are experimentally demonstrated in the near-infrared range. The footprint is only 970 nm × 1240 nm, which is the smallest demonstrated. The measured normalized transmission is up to 85% in the near infrared range. Additionally, a broadband highly efficient photon coupler is also achieved based on disordered-grating configurations designed by the intelligent algorithm. This breaks the restrictions of traditional structures, provides a universal platform for the realization of nanophotonic polarization routers, and paves a way for the design and high-density on-chip integration of nanophotonic devices.The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201902018.With the development of big data age, the requirements for large information capacity is becoming higher and higher. On-chip integrated phot...

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Experimental Extraction of Effective Refractive Index and Thermo-Optic Coefficients of Silicon-on-Insulator Waveguides Using Interferometers

Cited by 50 publications

References 16 publications

Silicon Photonics Circuit Design: Methods, Tools and Challenges

Silicon Photonics Circuit Design: Methods, Tools and Challenges

High resolution optical frequency domain reflectometry for measurement of waveguide group refractive index

Nanophotonic Polarization Routers Based on an Intelligent Algorithm

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