Experimental Hypocalcemia Induced by Hemodialysis in Goats.

Abstract

ABSTRACT. To evaluate whether hemodialysis with a dialysate containing no calcium (Ca-free HD) can induce hypocalcemia and restore the clinical signs and blood biochemical changes in naturally occurred hypocalcemic disorder in ruminants, the clinical signs and the changes in plasma electrolytes and minerals concentrations were observed in goats during 6-hr hemodialysis. The four goats received hemodialysis with the dialysate containing calcium (Ca HD), and 10 days later they had Ca-free HD. The plasma ionized Ca (Ca ++ ) and total Ca (TCa) concentrations were not affected by Ca HD, whereas the levels significantly decreased during whole period of Ca-free HD. The Ca ++ and TCa concentrations were 0.69 ± 0.06 mmol/l and 5.9 ± 0.3 mg/dl at 6 hr of Ca-free HD, respectively. The clinical signs observed during Ca-free HD seemed to resemble to those in naturally occurred hypocalcemic cases that were reported previously. Therefore, Ca-free HD was suggested to be one of the possible methods to induce experimental hypocalcemia in ruminants.-KEY WORDS: experimental hypocalcemia, goat, hemodialysis, ruminant.

Enteral fluid therapy through nasogastric tube in rumen cannulated goats

“…Animals received 10mL/kg/h during 8 hours (mean of 0.495L per hour). Calculated concentration of electrolytes were 140mmol/L of Na + , 4.5mmol/L of K + and 110mmol/L of Cl -similar to goat plasma according to Yamagishi et al (1999). This ϐluid was kept in 1.5L bottles and administered at room temperature through a coiled line equipped with a drip chamber and a screw clamp that was connected to the nasogastric tube with 0.6cm of external diameter and 130cm of length.…”

Treatment of acute kidney injury secondary to oak intoxication with hemodialysis in a miniature zebu

“…It has been described clinically in horses, predominantly foals, for management of AKI secondary to rhabdomyolysis and oxytetracycline toxicosis, as well as in experimental situations . In bovid species, the clinical use of HD has not been described, although the use of HD has been reported in research settings for goats and sheep . The purpose of this report is to describe the use of HD to treat a bovid with AKI secondary to oak intoxication.…”

Symptomatic Hypocalcemia Due to the Inadvertent Use of a Calcium‐free Hemodialysate

“…The use of calcium‐free dialysates in normocalcemic individuals has previously been practiced in both animals and humans (4,6,7). Hemodialysis with calcium‐free dialysates has induced hypocalcemia in goats (4) and dogs (6).…”

“…The use of calcium‐free dialysates in normocalcemic individuals has previously been practiced in both animals and humans (4,6,7). Hemodialysis with calcium‐free dialysates has induced hypocalcemia in goats (4) and dogs (6). In one of the human studies, five out of eighteen chronic hemodialysis patients developed symptomatic hypocalcemia during the first 60 min of dialysis with calcium‐free dialysates (7).…”

“…The dialysate calcium concentration commonly used for maintenance hemodialysis ranges from 1.25 to 1.75 mM (5–7 mg/dL) (3). Dialysis with a dialysate having a calcium level less than the prevailing serum value can be associated with a negative calcium balance and hypocalcemia (4) with resultant hypotension. Herein we describe the development of symptomatic intradialytic hypocalcemia after the inadvertent use of a calcium‐free dialysate in a chronic hemodialysis patient.…”