Experimental immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis

Experimental Autoimmune Meningitis: A Novel Neurological Disease in CD28-Deficient Mice

“…This inflammation causes demyelination within the CNS, resulting in subsequent ascending caudal-to-cranial paralysis. Although the etiology of human multiple sclerosis (MS) is poorly understood, it is accepted that proinflammatory T cells mediate the pathology as they do in EAE (4). Therefore, EAE is clinically analogous to human multiple sclerosis (MS).…”

Anatomy of T cell autoimmunity to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG): Prime role of MOG44F in selection and control of MOG‐reactive T cells in H‐2b mice

“…Autoreactivities against encephalitogenic myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), myelin-associated oligodendrocyte basic protein or oligodendrocyte-specific protein have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. Of these, only autoreactivities associated with MBP-and PLPinduced EAE have been thoroughly characterized [1,2].…”

“…Of these, only autoreactivities associated with MBP-and PLPinduced EAE have been thoroughly characterized [1,2]. Although the encephalitogenic potential of MOG has been demonstrated in several mouse strains [8][9][10][11], rats [12], marmosets [13,14] and rhesus monkeys [15], and T/B cell autoreactivity against MOG has been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of MS [16][17][18][19], the MOG-induced potentially pathogenic T cells have not been fully characterized.…”

Costimulation of Memory T-Cells by ICOS: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Autoimmunity?

“…While the etiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) 2 is not well understood, evidence suggests that T-cells mediate the damage to the oligodendrocytes and the myelin sheath (1). In fact, a variety of immunosuppressive agents are currently utilized in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, with varied and limited success (2,3).…”