Experimental-Induced Periodontitis is Exacerbated in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Abstract

Studies show that systemic diseases such as diabetes, hyperthyroidism, osteoporosis, and dyslipidemia may influence periodontal inflammation. However, few studies relate the influence of arterial hypertension on periodontitis. The present study was undertaken to assess the severity of the experimental ligature-induced periodontitis in an experimental model of genetic arterial hypertension. The experimental periodontitis model was induced in 6 spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and 6 Wistar normotensive rats (NT) by cotton ligature, which was placed subgingivaly around the neck of the first left inferior molar tooth. In the same animal, the first right molar tooth was sham-ligated and used as a control. After 7 days, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded in conscious animals. As expected, MAP was significantly higher in SHR (151 +/- 6 mmHg) than in NT (105 +/- 3 mmHg), without significant differences in HR. The histopathologic examination of the periodontal structure showed alveolar integrity and lack of neutrophils and osteoclasts in the control side of both SHR and NT. In contrast, examination of the ligated side in all animals showed collagen degradation in the alveolar process from a moderate (50%) to severe (50%) level in SHR and mild in NT (100%). These data show that experimental periodontitis, characterized by the spreading of the inflammatory process from the gingiva deep into periodontium tissues, is greatly exacerbated in SHR.

Hypertension and Dental Periapical Condition

“…However, HTN alone was not a significant factor. In contrast to this, another report (37) in which an experimental ligature-induced periodontitis model was used in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats found that the ligated sides in the experimental group showed moderate to severe collagen degradation in the alveolar process, compared with mild degradation in controls.…”

Local and cardiorenal effects of periodontitis in nitric oxide-deficient hypertensive rats

“…10 Moreover, it has been demonstrated that the continuous production of NO from cytokine-induced iNOS not only inhibits cGMP-mediated osteoblast growth and differentiation, 29 but also favours osteoclast-mediated bone resorption 11 and potentiates pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced bone loss. 30,31 These observations indicate a critical role for iNOS-derived NO on periododontitis-induced bone loss and inflammation.…”

Hypertension and periodontal status in Senegalese patients: A case-control study

“…Leite [9], in an experimental study on laboratory rats in Brazil in 2005 concluded that hypertension has a significant impact on worsening periodontal pocket depth. A cross-sectional study by Angeli et al in 2003 in Italy on the correlation between left ventricular mass and severity of periodontitis on 104 patients reported a direct association between these two parameters [4].…”