Experimental induction of pain: Utility in the study of clinical pain

Edens, Jennifer L.; Gil, Karen M.

doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(05)80102-9

Cited by 137 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Also, participants in experimental pain studies can be assured that the pain is not associated with any tissue damage, whereas patients with clinical pain cannot always be so sure of this. For these reasons, clinical pain has an emotional significance and quality-oflife implications that may influence pain perception [14]. Therefore, the study findings do not necessarily generalize to patients with clinical pain conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One method for doing this would be to use an experimental design in which the amount of stimulation is highly controlled [14]. The cold-pressor test is an experimental method for inducing pain that is thought to reflect many (but not all) of the critical components of clinical pain [25], and its advantages are discussed in the literature [14,22,40,53]. Moreover, an increase in pain intensity as water temperature decreases is well documented, with small variations in water temperature resulting in significant differences in pain intensity [22,53,54].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have examined the influence of sex on pain perceptions and pain response to experimental pain [14,40], with normally menstruating women usually being more sensitive to painful stimuli than men [34,36,51,54]. Laboratory pain experiments that include both men and women provide an opportunity to compare the ability of pain ratings to detect these well-established sex differences.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Validity of four pain intensity rating scales

Ferreira-Valente

Pais-Ribeiro

Jensen

2011

Pain

1,423

931

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a b s t r a c tThe Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), Verbal Rating Scale (VRS), and the Faces Pain Scale-Revised (FPS-R) are among the most commonly used measures of pain intensity in clinical and research settings. Although evidence supports their validity as measures of pain intensity, few studies have compared them with respect to the critical validity criteria of responsivity, and no experiment has directly compared all 4 measures in the same study. The current study compared the relative validity of VAS, NRS, VRS, and FPS-R for detecting differences in painful stimulus intensity and differences between men and women in response to experimentally induced pain. One hundred twenty-seven subjects underwent four 20-second cold pressor trials with temperature order counterbalanced across 1°C, 3°C, 5°C, and 7°C and rated pain intensity using all 4 scales. Results showed statistically significant differences in pain intensity between temperatures for each scale, with lower temperatures resulting in higher pain intensity. The order of responsivity was as follows: NRS, VAS, VRS, and FPS-R. However, there were relatively small differences in the responsivity between scales. A statistically significant sex main effect was also found for the NRS, VRS, and FPS-R. The findings are consistent with previous studies supporting the validity of each scale. The most support emerged for the NRS as being both (1) most responsive and (2) able to detect sex differences in pain intensity. The results also provide support for the validity of the scales for use in Portuguese samples. Ó

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Validity of four pain intensity rating scales

Ferreira-Valente

Pais-Ribeiro

Jensen

2011

Pain

1,423

931

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This method was selected because of its high reliability and validity (Wolff, 1984;Edens and Gil, 1995) and to allow comparison with previous studies of anxiety sensitivity and cold pain (Keogh and Birkby, 1999;Keogh and Mansoor, 2001;Keogh and Cochrane, 2002). To provide a common baseline, participants first placed their non-dominant hand in a warm water tank (37°C) for 2 minutes.…”

Section: Pain Inductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety sensitivity and pain: Generalisability across noxious stimuli

Thompson

Keogh

French

et al. 2008

Pain

100

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Anxiety sensitivity, a fear of anxiety-related symptoms, has been associated with a heightened experience of pain, especially within women. The majority of experimental studies investigating this association have relied heavily on the cold pressor technique as a means of pain induction, limiting the generalisability of results. The aim of the current study was to extend previous research by using two types of pain stimuli (cold and heat) to determine whether the link between anxiety sensitivity and pain generalises beyond cold pressor pain.The pain experience of 125 participants in response to these stimuli was assessed using threshold and tolerance readings, as well as subjective pain ratings. Results indicated a positive association between anxiety sensitivity and subjective pain, with this association observed primarily in females. Although analysis also indicated a basic generalisability of results across pain stimuli, anxiety sensitivity effects appeared to be especially pronounced during heat stimulation. These findings suggest that those high in anxiety sensitivity may respond more negatively to specific types of pain. Possible implications along with suggestions for future research are discussed.Anxiety sensitivity and pain: generalisability across noxious stimuli 3

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Filling the glass: Effects of a positive psychology intervention on executive task performance in chronic pain patients

Boselie

Vancleef

Peters

2018

European Journal of Pain

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BackgroundChronic pain is associated with emotional problems as well as difficulties in cognitive functioning. Prior experimental studies have shown that optimism, the tendency to expect that good things happen in the future, and positive emotions can counteract pain‐induced task performance deficits in healthy participants. More specifically, induced optimism was found to buffer against the negative effects of experimental pain on executive functioning. This clinical experiment examined whether this beneficial effect can be extended to a chronic pain population.MethodsPatients (N = 122) were randomized to a positive psychology Internet‐based intervention (PPI; n = 74) or a waiting list control condition (WLC; n = 48). The PPI consisted of positive psychology exercises that particularly target optimism, positive emotions and self‐compassion.ResultsResults demonstrated that patients in the PPI condition scored higher on happiness, optimism, positive future expectancies, positive affect, self‐compassion and ability to live a desired life despite pain, and scored lower on pain catastrophizing, depression and anxiety compared to patients in the WLC condition. However, executive task performance did not improve following completion of the PPI, compared to the WLC condition.ConclusionsDespite the lack of evidence that positive emotions and optimism can improve executive task performance in chronic pain patients, this study did convincingly demonstrate that it is possible to increase positive emotions and optimism in chronic pain patients with an online positive psychology intervention. It is imperative to further explore amendable psychological factors that may reduce the negative impact of pain on executive functioning.SignificanceWe demonstrated that an Internet‐based positive psychology intervention strengthens optimism and positive emotions in chronic pain patients. These emotional improvements are not associated with improved executive task performance. As pain itself often cannot be relieved, it is imperative to have techniques to reduce the burden of living with chronic pain.

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Experimental induction of pain: Utility in the study of clinical pain

Cited by 137 publications

References 56 publications

Validity of four pain intensity rating scales

Validity of four pain intensity rating scales

Anxiety sensitivity and pain: Generalisability across noxious stimuli

Filling the glass: Effects of a positive psychology intervention on executive task performance in chronic pain patients

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