Experimental Infection and Transmission of Newcastle Disease Vaccine Virus in Four Wild Passerines

Ayala, Andrea J.; Hernández, Sonia M.; Olivier, Timothy L.; Welch, Catharine N.; Dimitrov, Kiril M.; Goraichuk, Iryna V.; Afonso, Claudio L.; Miller, Patti J.

doi:10.1637/11980-092918-reg.1

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…[61]. Our prior experimental work in four wild passerines suggested that NDV shedding in these species may be sporadic, and is consistently detectable only up to 13 days [29]. Viral shedding in free-living songbirds may be under-detected, given the relatively short duration of shedding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…However, the timing of surveillance may play a role when sampling wild birds for exposure to viruses in which chickens serve as a reservoir, such as NDV [ 61 ]. Our prior experimental work in four wild passerines suggested that NDV shedding in these species may be sporadic, and is consistently detectable only up to 13 days [ 29 ]. Viral shedding in free-living songbirds may be under-detected, given the relatively short duration of shedding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twice per week, all sites were provided a commercial chicken feed mixed with supplemental foods considered highly palatable to domestic and wild species, including suet, mealworms, Nyjer seeds, cracked corn, sunflower seeds, and fruits and nuts [ 29 , 42 ]. Supplemental feed remained in the enclosures for consumption by chickens or wild birds between visits.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While NDV remains a poultry-associated pathogen, recent studies suggest that most, if not all, wild bird species are susceptible [ 28 ]. More recently, Rock Pigeons ( Columba livia ), Double-crested Cormorants ( Phalacrocorax auratus ) and dabblers of the Anatidae have been proposed as reservoir hosts of this pathogen [ 6 , 29 ]. The viral strain and host species both influence NDV transmission efficiency; however, direct transmission has many routes, including faecal–oral ingestion and the inhalation of infectious respiratory secretions [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Outside of estimates derived from mathematical models [ 39 , 40 ], contact rates between backyard chickens and wild birds have not been measured in the field. In a previous study, we addressed the question of NDV susceptibility in four native passerines under experimental conditions in biosafety level-2 isolators [ 29 ]. However, natural contact rates between chickens and wild birds could not be accurately measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risky business in Georgia's wild birds: contact rates between wild birds and backyard chickens is influenced by supplemental feed

et al. 2022

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Backyard chickens are increasingly popular, and their husbandry varies widely. How backyard chickens are housed may influence the accessibility of chicken feed and water to wild birds, and thus, the contact rates between both groups. Increased contacts have implications for pathogen transmission; for instance, Newcastle disease virus or avian influenza virus may be transmitted to and from backyard chickens from contaminated water or feed. Given this potentially increased pathogen risk to wild birds and backyard chickens, we examined which wild bird species are likely to encounter backyard chickens and their resources. We performed a supplemental feeding experiment followed by observations at three sites associated with backyard chickens in North Georgia, USA. At each site, we identified the species of wild birds that: (a) shared habitat with the chickens, (b) had a higher frequency of detection relative to other species and (c) encountered the coops. We identified 14 wild bird species that entered the coops to consume supplemental feed and were considered high-risk for pathogen transmission. Our results provide evidence that contact between wild birds and backyard chickens is frequent and more common than previously believed, which has crucial epidemiological implications for wildlife managers and backyard chicken owners.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risky business in Georgia's wild birds: contact rates between wild birds and backyard chickens is influenced by supplemental feed

et al. 2022

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Exposure assessment for avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses from peridomestic wild birds in a conservation breeding site in the United Arab Emirates

Hirschinger

Vergne

Corre

et al. 2021

Transbounding Emerging Dis

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Worldwide, wild birds are frequently suspected to be involved in the occurrence of outbreaks of different diseases in captive-bred birds although proofs are lacking and most of the dedicated studies are insufficiently conclusive to confirm or characterize the roles of wild birds in such outbreaks. The aim of this study was to assess and compare, for the most abundant peridomestic wild birds, the different exposure routes for avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses in conservation breeding sites of Houbara bustards in the United Arab Emirates.To do so, we considered all of the potential pathways by which captive bustards could be exposed to avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses by wild birds, and ran a comparative study of the likelihood of exposure via each of the pathways considered.We merged data from an ecological study dedicated to local wild bird communities with an analysis of the contacts between wild birds and captive bustards and with a prevalence survey of avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses in wild bird populations.We also extracted data from an extensive review of the scientific literature and by the elicitation of expert opinion.Overall, this analysis highlighted those captive bustards had a high risk of being exposed to pathogens by wild birds. This risk was higher for Newcastle disease virus than avian influenza virus, and House sparrows represented the riskiest species for the transmission of both viruses through direct exposure from direct contact with an infectious bird that got inside the aviary and indirect exposure from consumption of water contaminated from the faeces of an infected bird that got inside the aviary for Newcastle disease virus and avian influenza virus, respectively. These results also reaffirm the need to implement biosecurity measures to limit contacts between wild and captive birds and highlight priority targets for a thoughtful and efficient sanitary management strategy.

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Susceptibility and Pathogenesis of Eurasian Tree Sparrows Experimentally Inoculated with Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus

Yamamoto

Ishihara²,

Kurokawa

et al. 2023

Avian Diseases

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Wild-caught Eurasian tree sparrows (Passer montanus) were experimentally inoculated with genotype VII velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) APMV1/chicken/Japan/Fukuoka-1/2004 to investigate the susceptibility and pathogenesis of infected sparrows. Intranasal inoculation of two groups with high or low doses of the virus resulted in the mortality of some birds in both groups on days 7-15 postinoculation. Neurologic signs, ruffled feathers, labored breathing, emaciation, diarrhea, depression, and ataxia were observed in a few birds that eventually succumbed to death. The inoculation of the higher viral load resulted in higher mortality and hemagglutination inhibition antibody detection rates. Tree sparrows that survived the 18-day observation period after inoculation exhibited no apparent clinical signs. Histologic lesions in dead birds were observed in the nasal mucosa, orbital ganglion, and central nervous system, accompanied by NDV antigens detected by immunohistochemistry. Viral inclusion bodies were rarely observed in the cytoplasm of neurons. NDV was isolated from the oral swab and brain of dead birds but not from other organs, including the lung, heart, muscle, colon, and liver. In another experimental group, tree sparrows were intranasally inoculated with the virus and then examined 1-3 days later to examine the early pathogenesis of the disease. Inoculated birds exhibited inflammation of the nasal mucosa with viral antigens, and virus was isolated from some oral swab samples on days 2 and 3 postinoculation. The results of the present study suggest that tree sparrows are susceptible to velogenic NDV, and the infection could be fatal, although some birds can exhibit asymptomatic or mild infection. The unique pathogenesis regarding the neurologic signs and viral neurotropism of velogenic NDV was characteristic in infected tree sparrows.

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Experimental Infection and Transmission of Newcastle Disease Vaccine Virus in Four Wild Passerines

Cited by 4 publications

References 72 publications

Risky business in Georgia's wild birds: contact rates between wild birds and backyard chickens is influenced by supplemental feed

Risky business in Georgia's wild birds: contact rates between wild birds and backyard chickens is influenced by supplemental feed

Exposure assessment for avian influenza and Newcastle disease viruses from peridomestic wild birds in a conservation breeding site in the United Arab Emirates

Susceptibility and Pathogenesis of Eurasian Tree Sparrows Experimentally Inoculated with Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus

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