Experimental infection of Getah virus in swine.

Izumida, Akihiro; Takuma, Hiroshi; Inagaki, Shuji; Kubota, Michio; Hirahara, Tadashi; Kodama, Kazuo; Sasaki, Norimasa

doi:10.1292/jvms1939.50.679

Cited by 25 publications

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“…It is mosquito borne and is widespread from Eurasia to Australasia. This virus causes fever, generalized rash, and edema of the legs in horses [ 1 ], and it causes fetal death and reproduction disorders in pigs [ 2 , 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 2015 outbreak of Getah virus infection occurring among Japanese racehorses sequentially to an outbreak in 2014 at the same site

et al. 2016

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BackgroundAs we reported previously, Getah virus infection occurred in horses at the Miho training center of the Japan Racing Association in 2014. This was the first outbreak after a 31-year absence in Japan. Here, we report a recurrent outbreak of Getah virus infection in 2015, sequential to the 2014 one at the same site, and we summarize its epizootiological aspects to estimate the risk of further outbreaks in upcoming years.ResultsThe outbreak occurred from mid-August to late October 2015, affecting 30 racehorses with a prevalence of 1.5 % of the whole population (1992 horses). Twenty-seven (90.0 %) of the 30 affected horses were 2-year-olds, and the prevalence in 2-year-olds (27/613 [4.4 %]) was significantly higher than that in horses aged 3 years or older (3/1379 [0.2 %], P < 0.01). Therefore, the horses newly introduced from other areas at this age were susceptible, whereas most horses aged 3 years or older, which had experienced the previous outbreak in 2014, were resistant. Among the 2-year-olds, the prevalence in horses that had been vaccinated once (10/45 [22.2 %]) was significantly higher than that in horses vaccinated twice or more (17/568 [3.0 %], P < 0.01). Horse anti-sera raised against an isolate in 2014 neutralized both the homologous strain and a 2015 isolate at almost the same titers (256 to 512), suggesting that these viruses were antigenically similar. Among horses entering the training center from private surrounding farms in 2015, the seropositivity rate to Getah virus increased gradually (11.8 % in August, 21.7 % in September, and 34.9 % in October). Thus, increased virus exposure due to the regional epizootic probably allowed the virus to spread in the center, similarly to the outbreak in 2014.ConclusionsThe 2015 outbreak was caused by a virus which was antigenically close to the 2014 isolate, affecting mostly 2-year-old susceptible horses under epizootiological circumstances similar to those in 2014. The existence of 2-year-olds introduced from regions free from Getah virus could continue to pose a potential risk of additional outbreaks in upcoming years. Vaccination on private farms and breeding farms would help to minimize the risk of outbreaks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A 2015 outbreak of Getah virus infection occurring among Japanese racehorses sequentially to an outbreak in 2014 at the same site

et al. 2016

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“…Serologic evidence suggests that Getah virus is widespread from Eurasia to Australasia ( 1 , 2 ). In horses, the virus causes fever, rash on the body, and edema in the legs ( 2 ); the virus is also pathogenic to pig fetuses and newborn piglets ( 3 , 4 ) and can cause fever in humans ( 5 ). Outbreaks of Getah virus infection have occurred among horses in 1978, 1979, and 1983 in Japan ( 2 ) and in 1990 in India ( 6 ).…”

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Getah Virus Infection among Racehorses, Japan, 2014

Nemoto¹,

Bannai²,

Tsujimura³

et al. 2015

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Getah virus (GETV; species Getah virus, genus Alphavirus, family Togaviridae) is an etiological agent of fever, rash, and leg edema in horses (226) and of fetal death and reproduction disorders in pigs (227,228). The prevalence of GETV has been confirmed in mainland China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan (229,230).…”

Section: Other Arbovirusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endemic and Emerging Arboviruses in Domestic Ruminants in East Asia

2020

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Epizootic congenital abnormalities caused by Akabane, Aino, and Chuzan viruses have damaged the reproduction of domestic ruminants in East Asia for many years. In the past, large outbreaks of febrile illness related to bovine ephemeral fever and Ibaraki viruses severely affected the cattle industry in that region. In recent years, vaccines against these viruses have reduced the occurrence of diseases, although the viruses are still circulating and have occasionally caused sporadic and small-scaled epidemics. Over a long-term monitoring period, many arboviruses other than the above-mentioned viruses have been isolated from cattle and Culicoides biting midges in Japan. Several novel arboviruses that may infect ruminants (e.g., mosquito-and tick-borne arboviruses) were recently reported in mainland China based on extensive surveillance. It is noteworthy that some are suspected of being associated with cattle diseases. Malformed calves exposed to an intrauterine infection with orthobunyaviruses (e.g., Peaton and Shamonda viruses) have been observed. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus serotype 6 caused a sudden outbreak of hemorrhagic disease in cattle in Japan. Unfortunately, the pathogenicity of many other viruses in ruminants has been uncertain, although these viruses potentially affect livestock production. As global transportation grows, the risk of an accidental incursion of arboviruses is likely to increase in previously non-endemic areas. Global warming will also certainly affect the distribution and active period of vectors, and thus the range of virus spreads will expand to higher-latitude regions. To prevent anticipated damages to the livestock industry, the monitoring system for arboviral circulation and incursion should be strengthened; moreover, the sharing of information and preventive strategies will be essential in East Asia.

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Experimental infection of Getah virus in swine.

Cited by 25 publications

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A 2015 outbreak of Getah virus infection occurring among Japanese racehorses sequentially to an outbreak in 2014 at the same site

A 2015 outbreak of Getah virus infection occurring among Japanese racehorses sequentially to an outbreak in 2014 at the same site

Getah Virus Infection among Racehorses, Japan, 2014

Endemic and Emerging Arboviruses in Domestic Ruminants in East Asia

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