Experimental Infection of House Sparrows (Passer Domesticus) with Rocio Virus

Tp, Monath; Ge, Kemp; Cb, Cropp; Gs, Bowen

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1978.27.1251

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…During the epidemic, there was a case-fatality rate of 13%, with approximately 20% of survivors developing long-term neurological sequelae. Laboratory studies suggest that ROCV is mosquito-transmitted, as Culex tarsalis and C. pipiens were efficient experimental vectors 218 , and that birds may act as amplifying hosts 219 . Although no cases of ROCV infection and encephalitis have been reported after the initial outbreak, serological surveys suggest ROCV transmission among humans and animals in different regions of Brazil is still actively occurring 220,221 .…”

Section: Ilheus Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The continued threat of emerging flaviviruses

Pierson

Diamond²

2020

Nat Microbiol

730

627

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F laviviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses vectored principally by arthropods that cause severe illnesses in humans. The extensive global spread and epidemic transmission of flaviviruses during the last seven decades has been remarkable. The mosquito-borne dengue viruses (DENV) infect an estimated 400 million humans each year; more than a quarter of the world's population lives in areas where DENV is now endemic 1 . By comparison, only sporadic DENV epidemics were documented before the Second World War 2 . The introductions of West Nile (WNV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses into the Western Hemisphere was followed by rapid geographical spread, large numbers of human infections and considerable morbidity 3,4 . Ongoing yellow fever virus (YFV) transmission and its encroachment on urban environments, despite the existence of an effective vaccine, poses a serious public health challenge 5-7 . Other flaviviruses present ongoing health risks or are beginning to emerge in different parts of the world, including Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Usutu virus (USUV).The epidemic potential of flaviviruses reflects many factors related to the unique characteristics of their insect vectors, the consequences of poorly planned urbanization that creates ideal arthropod breeding habitats, the geographical expansion of vectors, changing environmental conditions and extensive global travel 8,9 . Beyond arthropods and humans, flaviviruses are also known to infect a wide array of animal species and can be important veterinary pathogens that threaten economically important domesticated animals 10-14 . These vertebrate animal hosts may constitute important stable reservoirs and contribute to defining conditions that support the introduction of new viral species and transmission among humans 15 . The continued threat of flavivirus emergence and re-emergence highlights a need for a detailed fundamental understanding of the biology of these viruses, the immune responses that can contain them and the possible countermeasures that can blunt their impact on public health should new outbreaks occur. Flavivirus structure and replicationFlaviviruses are small (~50 nm) spherical virus particles that incorporate a single genomic RNA of positive-sense polarity encoding three structural and seven non-structural proteins (Fig. 1a). Our knowledge of the biology of flaviviruses has advanced considerably with the availability of high-resolution structures of viral structural proteins and of virions at different stages of the replication cycle or in complex with antibodies or host factors 16 . Crystal structures of the enzymatic non-structural proteins also have been solved, accelerating advances in an understanding of virus replication and pathogenesis [17][18][19] and enabling structure-guided drug discovery, as reviewed elsewhere 20 .Virion structure and morphogenesis. Flaviviruses are assembled using three viral structural proteins (C, prM and E), a host lipid envelope and the viral genomic RNA. The structure of ...

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Section: Ilheus Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The continued threat of emerging flaviviruses

Pierson

Diamond²

2020

Nat Microbiol

730

627

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“…Neonatal animals inoculated by the peripheral route are highly susceptible until 3-4 weeks of age, when resistance develops (El Dadah et al, 1967;Nathanson, 1980), but animals resistant by the peripheral route remain susceptible to lethal encephalitis when inoculated intracerebrally. Biological hosts also show age-related resistance to infection; nestling house sparrows infected with SLE (Bowen et a1., 1980) and Rocio virus (Monath et al, 1978) develop viremias of longer duration and higher magnitude than adult birds.…”

Section: Agementioning

confidence: 99%

Pathobiology of the Flaviviruses

Monath

1986

The Togaviridae and Flaviviridae

Self Cite

105

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“…In contrast to other studies that had success in isolating several viruses from the blood of birds collected in the field, in this work, it was not possible to detect any virus from such animals [20,21]. This can be explained by the short viremia and low serological titers observed in birds [22]. Moreover, there is great difficulty in determining viral load during viremia [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Investigation about the Occurrence of Transmission Cycles of Arbovirus in the Tropical Forest, Amazon Region

Araújo

Freitas

Chiang

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Because of its ecological characteristics, the Caxiuanã National Forest (FLONA) is a potential area of arbovirus circulation. The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence of arbovirus transmission cycles at FLONA de Caxiuanã. Five field trips were performed to capture mosquitoes and sylvatic vertebrates. For these vertebrates, we attempted viral isolation by cell monolayer inoculation from blood, and hemagglutination inhibition and further seroneutralization assays from sera. For mosquitoes, we performed tests of viral genome detection. A total of 338 vertebrates were captured, and the greatest representative was birds (251/74.26%). A total of 16,725 mosquitoes were captured, distributed among 56 species. There were no viruses isolated by newborn mouse inoculation. Among birds, antibodies against Ilheus virus were the most prevalent. Catu virus, Caraparu virus, and Mucambo virus were the most prevalent among mammals and reptiles. Fragments of Mucambo virus, Ilheus virus, Bussuquara virus, and Rocio virus genome were detected in a pool of mosquito samples. These results of the study suggest the occurrence of arbovirus transmission cycles in the FLONA of Caxiuanã. The proximity of human populations with elements, involved in transmission cycles, makes surveillance necessary in this population to avoid dispersion of arboviruses to naïve locations.

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Experimental Infection of House Sparrows (Passer Domesticus) with Rocio Virus

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

The continued threat of emerging flaviviruses

The continued threat of emerging flaviviruses

Pathobiology of the Flaviviruses

Investigation about the Occurrence of Transmission Cycles of Arbovirus in the Tropical Forest, Amazon Region

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