Experimental Infection of Newly Hatched Domestic Ducklings via Japanese Encephalitis Virus-Infected Mosquitoes

Di, Di; Li, Chenxi; Zhang, Junjie; Hameed, Muddassar; Wang, Xin; Xia, Qiqi; Li, Hui; Xi, Shumin; Li, Zongjie; Liu, Ke; Li, Beibei; Shao, Donghua; Qiu, Yafeng; Wei, Jianchao; Ma, Zhiyong

doi:10.3390/pathogens9050371

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In addition, natural JEV infection via JEV-infected Cx. pipiens mosquito bites in newly hatched domestic ducklings caused 30% mortality, that were associated with viral encephalitis [56]. These observations demonstrated the potential pathogenicity of JEV in domestic ducklings under natural conditions.…”

Section: Pathogenicity Of Jev In Domestic Birdsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Recently, we have noticed 30% mortality in newly hatched Shaoxing ducklings when bitten by infected mosquitoes under lab conditions [56], which was not seen in the domestic ducklings subcutaneously inoculated with the same JEV strain used in our previous study [43]. The infected ducklings died suddenly, with neurological signs of opisthotonos (a condition of spasm of the back muscles causing the head and limbs to bend backward and the trunk to arch forward) between 2 and 3 dpi.…”

Section: Nemeth Et Al Observed Variation In Interspecies Responses Among North American Birds During 2011-2012mentioning

confidence: 70%

“…The infected ducklings died suddenly, with neurological signs of opisthotonos (a condition of spasm of the back muscles causing the head and limbs to bend backward and the trunk to arch forward) between 2 and 3 dpi. The highest RNAemia were observed in the affected ducklings at 2 and 3 days infected mosquito bite (Table 1) [56]. However, the remaining ducklings exposed to JEV- House sparrow 10 1.7-3.7 [19] Red-winged blackbird 10 2.3-4.0 [19] Rock pigeon 10 2.7-4.3 [19] European starling 10 2.5-3.6 [19] House finch 10 3.8-4.9 [19] Common grackle 10 3.3-4.4 [19] Ring-billed gull 10 3.5-5.4 [19] Cattle egret 10 2.0-3.1 [19] American crow < 10 1.7 [19] American white pelican <10 0.7 [19] Double-crested cormorant < 10 0. infected mosquitoes showed no noticeable clinical signs.…”

Section: Nemeth Et Al Observed Variation In Interspecies Responses Among North American Birds During 2011-2012mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential Role of Birds in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Zoonotic Transmission and Genotype Shift

Hameed¹,

Wahaab²,

Nawaz³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vaccine preventable disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), which is primarily prevalent in Asia. JEV is a Flavivirus, classified into a single serotype with five genetically distinct genotypes (I, II, III, IV, and V). JEV genotype III (GIII) had been the most dominant strain and caused numerous out breaks in the JEV endemic countries until 1990. However, recent data shows the emergence of genotype I (GI) as a dominant genotype and it is gradually displacing GIII. The exact mechanism of this genotype displacement is still unclear. The virus can replicate in mosquito vectors and vertebrate hosts to maintain its zoonotic life cycle; pigs and aquatic wading birds act as an amplifying/reservoir hosts, and humans and equines are the dead end hosts. The important role of pigs as an amplifying host for JEV is well known. However, the influence of other domestic animals especially birds that live in high abundance and close proximity to human is not well studied. Here, we strive to briefly highlight the role of birds in JEV zoonotic transmission, discovery of birds as a natural reservoirs and amplifying host for JEV, species of birds susceptible to JEV infection, and the proposed effect of JEV on poultry industry in future perspective which have been neglected for a long times. We also discussed the recent in vitro and in vivo studies which show that the newly emerged GI viruses replicated more efficiently in bird-derived cells and ducklings/chicks than GIII, and an important role of birds in the JEV genotype shift from GIII to GI.

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Section: Pathogenicity Of Jev In Domestic Birdsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Nemeth Et Al Observed Variation In Interspecies Responses Among North American Birds During 2011-2012mentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Nemeth Et Al Observed Variation In Interspecies Responses Among North American Birds During 2011-2012mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Potential Role of Birds in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Zoonotic Transmission and Genotype Shift

Hameed¹,

Wahaab²,

Nawaz³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The virus was also found in the saliva of Cx . pipiens when infected by intrathoracic injection [ 97 ]. In this study, the infected mosquitoes were also able to infect newly hatched ducklings at 10 dpi.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito Vector Competence for Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Auerswald

Maquart

Chevalier

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a zoonotic pathogen mainly found in East and Southeast Asia and transmitted by mosquitoes. The objective of this review is to summarize the knowledge on the diversity of JEV mosquito vector species. Therefore, we systematically analyzed reports of JEV found in field-caught mosquitoes as well as experimental vector competence studies. Based on the investigated publications, we classified 14 species as confirmed vectors for JEV due to their documented experimental vector competence and evidence of JEV found in wild mosquitoes. Additionally, we identified 11 mosquito species, belonging to five genera, with an experimentally confirmed vector competence for JEV but lacking evidence on their JEV transmission capacity from field-caught mosquitoes. Our study highlights the diversity of confirmed and potential JEV vector species. We also emphasize the variety in the study design of vector competence investigations. To account for the diversity of the vector species and regional circumstances, JEV vector competence should be studied in the local context, using local mosquitoes with local virus strains under local climate conditions to achieve reliable data. In addition, harmonization of the design of vector competence experiments would lead to better comparable data, informing vector and disease control measures.

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“…In contrast, high viremia and high mortality from viral encephalitis with apparent neurological signs were induced by bites from JEV-infected Cx. pipiens in newborn ducklings (71), which normally do not demonstrate such clinical outcomes to JEV by needle inoculation (23). These variations in infection outcomes are most likely due to the differences in the disease pathogenesis of JEV in vertebrate species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mosquito Saliva Modulates Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Domestic Pigs

et al. 2021

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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that is the leading cause of pediatric viral encephalitis in Asia. Japanese encephalitis virus is transmitted by Culex species mosquitoes that also vector several zoonotic flaviviruses. Despite the knowledge that mosquito saliva contains molecules that may alter flavivirus pathogenesis, whether or not the deposition of viruses by infected mosquitoes has an impact on the kinetics and severity of JEV infection has not been thoroughly examined, especially in mammalian species involved in the enzootic transmission. Most JEV pathogenesis models were established using needle inoculation. Mouse models for West Nile (WNV) and dengue (DENV) viruses have shown that mosquito saliva can potentiate flavivirus infections and exacerbate disease symptoms. In this study, we determined the impact of mosquito salivary components on the pathogenesis of JEV in pigs, a species directly involved in its transmission cycle as an amplifying host. Interestingly, co-injection of JEV and salivary gland extract (SGE) collected from Culex quinquefasciatus produced milder febrile illness and shortened duration of nasal shedding but had no demonstrable impact on viremia and neuroinvasion. Our findings highlight that mosquito salivary components can differentially modulate the outcomes of flavivirus infections in amplifying hosts and in mouse models.

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Experimental Infection of Newly Hatched Domestic Ducklings via Japanese Encephalitis Virus-Infected Mosquitoes

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

Potential Role of Birds in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Zoonotic Transmission and Genotype Shift

Potential Role of Birds in Japanese Encephalitis Virus Zoonotic Transmission and Genotype Shift

Mosquito Vector Competence for Japanese Encephalitis Virus

Mosquito Saliva Modulates Japanese Encephalitis Virus Infection in Domestic Pigs

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