Experimental Infection of North American Insectivorous Bats (Tadarida Brasiliensis) with Histoplasma Capsulatum *

Tesh, Robert B.; Schneidau, John D.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1966.15.544

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Notably, no major mortality events have been observed in Europe and Warneke et al suggest G. destructans may have been recently introduced to North America from this region [7]. Although some aspects of bat immune function have been described [20], [21], [22], [23], there is a general lack of knowledge regarding their responses particularly to pathogen invasion [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29]. Additionally, virtually nothing is known about how bat immune responses vary with season and the use of daily and/or seasonal torpor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hibernating Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus) Show Variable Immunological Responses to White-Nose Syndrome

et al. 2013

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White-nose syndrome (WNS) is an emerging infectious disease devastating hibernating North American bat populations that is caused by the psychrophilic fungus Geomyces destructans. Previous histopathological analysis demonstrated little evidence of inflammatory responses in infected bats, however few studies have compared other aspects of immune function between WNS-affected and unaffected bats. We collected bats from confirmed WNS-affected and unaffected sites during the winter of 2008–2009 and compared estimates of their circulating levels of total leukocytes, total immunoglobulins, cytokines and total antioxidants. Bats from affected and unaffected sites did not differ in their total circulating immunoglobulin levels, but significantly higher leukocyte counts were observed in bats from affected sites and particularly in affected bats with elevated body temperatures (above 20°C). Bats from WNS-affected sites exhibited significantly lower antioxidant activity and levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), a cytokine that induces T cell differentiation. Within affected sites only, bats exhibiting visible fungal infections had significantly lower antioxidant activity and levels of IL-4 compared to bats without visible fungal infections. Overall, bats hibernating in WNS-affected sites showed immunological changes that may be evident of attempted defense against G. destructans. Observed changes, specifically elevated circulating leukocytes, may also be related to the documented changes in thermoregulatory behaviors of affected bats (i.e. increased frequencies in arousal from torpor). Alterations in immune function may reflect expensive energetic costs associated with these processes and intrinsic qualities of the immunocapability of hibernating bats to clear fungal infections. Additionally, lowered antioxidant activity indicates a possible imbalance in the pro- versus antioxidant system, may reflect oxidative tissue damage, and should be investigated as a contributor to WNS-associated morbidity and mortality.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hibernating Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus) Show Variable Immunological Responses to White-Nose Syndrome

et al. 2013

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“…The autopsy procedure for these animals and any others that died during the course of the experiment was the same. The methods were similar to those of Tesh & Schneidau [36]. In addition to the lung, liver, and spleen, the intestinal contents and freshly voided feces were each homogenized in saline, streaked onto duplicate plates of Mycosel Agar with yeast extract (10g1-1) and incubated at room temperature for 6 weeks.…”

Section: Mycplogal Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenesis and immune response toParacoccidioides brasiliensisin the fructivorous bat,Artibeus lituratus

Greer¹,

McMurray²

1981

Med Mycol

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“…Bats can serve as reservoirs for Histoplasma capsulatum, although clinical disease in free-ranging bats is uncommon. Organisms are most often present in pulmonary alveolar macrophages but can also be found in circulating macrophages and in the mesentery, spleen, liver, adrenal gland, and intestine (Taylor et al, 1999;Tesh and Schneidau, 1966). There is typically minimal to no cellular response to infection, which is thought to occur by the respiratory route with infective fungi being excreted in feces (McMurray and Greer, 1979;Taylor et al, 1999).…”

Section: Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiroptera

Farina

Lankton

2018

Pathology of Wildlife and Zoo Animals

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FIGURE 25.2 Normal patagium, Pteropus vampyrus. The patagium consists of two thin layers of epidermis separated by collagen, vessels, and bundles of elastic fibers. FIGURE 25.1 FIGURE 25.4 Normal brain, Pteropus hypomelanus. The brain is largely lissencephalic, with rare shallow sulci. (Photo Courtesy of E. Kieran, University of Florida) FIGURE 25.5 Iron overload in the liver, Rousettus aegyptiacus. (A) Bridging fibrosis with iron overload. Abundant brown pigment is present within and at the margins of the connective tissue. (B) Abundant hemosiderin is present in macrophages at the margins of and within the fibrous connective tissue, with lesser amounts in hepatocytes, bile ducts, and Kupffer cells. Prussian blue.

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Experimental Infection of North American Insectivorous Bats (Tadarida Brasiliensis) with Histoplasma Capsulatum *

Cited by 18 publications

References 0 publications

Hibernating Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus) Show Variable Immunological Responses to White-Nose Syndrome

Hibernating Little Brown Myotis (Myotis lucifugus) Show Variable Immunological Responses to White-Nose Syndrome

Pathogenesis and immune response toParacoccidioides brasiliensisin the fructivorous bat,Artibeus lituratus

Chiroptera

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