Experimental Infection of the Cotton Mouse (Peromyscus Gossypinus) with Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus

Wj, Bigler; Al, Lewis; Fm, Wellings

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1974.23.1185

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Everglades virus (EVEV) is a mosquitoborne alphavirus endemic to the state of Florida, USA, and is subtype II within the Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) complex ( 1 ). The mosquito Culex ( Melanoconion ) cedecei is the sole enzootic vector of EVEV ( 2 – 4 ); rodents, particularly Peromyscus gossypinus (cotton mouse) and Sigmodon hispidus (hispid cotton rat), are the primary reservoir hosts ( 5 – 7 ). Clinical cases of EVEV infection in humans are considered rare; symptoms consist of nonspecific influenza-like febrile illness that can culminate in serious neurologic damage ( 1 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Patterns of Abundance, Host Use, and Everglades Virus Infection in Culex (Melanoconion) cedecei Mosquitoes, Florida, USA

Hoyer¹,

Acevedo²,

Wiggins³

et al. 2019

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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Everglades virus (EVEV), subtype II within the Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus complex, is a mosquitoborne zoonotic pathogen endemic to south Florida, USA. EVEV infection in humans is considered rare, probably because of the sylvatic nature of the vector, the Culex ( Melanoconion ) cedecei mosquito. The introduction of Cx. panocossa , a tropical vector mosquito of VEE virus subtypes that inhabits urban areas, may increase human EVEV exposure. Field studies investigating spatial and temporal patterns of abundance, host use, and EVEV infection of Cx. cedecei mosquitoes in Everglades National Park found that vector abundance was dynamic across season and region. Rodents, particularly Sigmodon hispidus rats , were primary vertebrate hosts, constituting 77%–100% of Cx. cedecei blood meals. Humans were fed upon at several locations. We detected EVEV infection in Cx. cedecei mosquitoes in lower and upper regions of Everglades National Park only during the wet season, despite an abundance of Cx. cedecei mosquitoes at other sampling times.

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confidence: 99%

Patterns of Abundance, Host Use, and Everglades Virus Infection in Culex (Melanoconion) cedecei Mosquitoes, Florida, USA

Hoyer¹,

Acevedo²,

Wiggins³

et al. 2019

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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“…Georeferenced data of antibody and virus detection in wildlife in Florida undertaken in the 1970's also show much overlap with areas predicted highly suitable for Cx. cedecei blood meals from rodent hosts (22,24,34), also supporting the importance of these organisms in transmission of EVEV. In contrast, the predicted distribution of Cx.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…This is supported by the detection of substantial virus titers for VEEV subtypes from Rattus spp. in Colombia ( 21 ), along with high seroprevalence for EVEV in cotton mice ( Peromyscus gossypinus Le Conte) and hispid cotton rats in Florida ( 22 – 25 ). Culex cedecei has also been found to feed heavily on black rats ( Rattus rattus Linnaeus), cotton mice, and hispid cotton rats in areas where EVEV has been detected from mosquitoes in nature ( 17 ), providing evidence that all three rodent species are capable of developing viremias high enough for the transmission of EVEV to Cx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…cedecei to feed on rodent hosts. We then overlay EVEV infections from previous studies in humans ( 30 – 33 ), wildlife ( 24 , 25 , 34 , 35 ), and dogs ( 36 ) to illustrate how our model corresponds to natural infections in vertebrate animals. This method allows for the generation of a model representing the interaction between two components of the nidus of pathogen transmission rather than a single component, making it potentially more informative for inferring areas of potential transmission of EVEV.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting potential transmission risk of Everglades virus in Florida using mosquito blood meal identifications

Sloyer

Barve²,

Kim³

et al. 2022

Front. Epidemiol.

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The overlap between arbovirus host, arthropod vectors, and pathogen distributions in environmentally suitable habitats represents a nidus where risk for pathogen transmission may occur. Everglades virus (EVEV), subtype II Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (VEEV), is endemic to southern Florida where it is transmitted by the endemic vector Culex cedecei between muroid rodent hosts. We developed an ecological niche model (ENM) to predict areas in Florida suitable for EVEV transmission based upon georeferenced vector-host interactions from PCR-based blood meal analysis from blood-engorged female Cx. cedecei females. Thirteen environmental variables were used for model calibration, including bioclimatic variables derived from Daymet 1 km daily temperature and precipitation values, and land use and land cover data representing percent land cover derived within a 2.5 km buffer from 2019 National Land Cover Database (NLCD) program. Maximum temperature of the warmest month, minimum temperature of the coldest month, and precipitation of the driest month contributed 31.6%, 28.5% and 19.9% to ENM performance. The land cover types contributing the greatest to the model performance were percent landcover of emergent herbaceous and woody wetlands which contributed 5.2% and 4.3% to model performance, respectively. Results of the model output showed high suitability for Cx. cedecei feeding on rodents throughout the southwestern portion of the state and pockets of high suitability along the northern east coast of Florida, while areas with low suitability included the Miami-Dade metropolitan area and most of northern Florida and the Panhandle. Comparing predicted distributions of Cx. cedecei feeding upon rodent hosts in the present study to historical human cases of EVEV disease, as well as antibodies in wildlife show substantial overlap with areas predicted moderate to highly suitable for these vector/host associations. As such, the findings of this study likely predict the most accurate distribution of the nidus of EVEV to date, indicating that this method allows for better inference of potential transmission areas than models which only consider the vector or vertebrate host species individually. A similar approach using host blood meals of other arboviruses can be used to predict potential areas of virus transmission for other vector-borne diseases.

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“…cedecei, 7,28 the relatively frequent feeding of Cx. cedecei on the presumed important mammalian reservoirs (hispid cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus and cotton mouse, Peromyscus gossypinus), [28][29][30][31][32] and the demonstrated competency of Cx. cedecei to transmit EVEV, 33 indicate that Cx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Dynamics of Mosquito-Borne Viruses in the Southwestern Florida Everglades, 2016, 2017

Anderson

Fish

Armstrong

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Mosquitoes were collected for 12 consecutive months beginning June 2016, from 11 locations in the Florida Everglades, Collier County, and tested for viruses by isolation in Vero cells and subsequent identification. One species complex and 31 species of mosquitoes were identified from 668,809 specimens. Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus comprised 72.2% of the collection. Other notable species were Anopheles crucians complex, Culex nigripalpus, Cx. erraticus, and Cx. cedecei. Seven species of virus were identified from 110 isolations: Everglades, Gumbo Limbo, Mahogany Hammock, Pahayokee, Shark River, Tensaw, and West Nile viruses. Everglades, West Nile, Tensaw, and Mahogany Hammock viruses were most frequently isolated. Largest numbers of viruses were identified from Cx. cedecei, Cx. nigripalpus, and An. crucians complex. Five species of virus were isolated from Cx. cedecei. Viruses were isolated from mangrove, cypress swamp, hardwood hammock, and sawgrass habitats. West Nile virus was isolated August through October when Cx. nigripalpus was most abundant. Everglades virus was the most frequently isolated virus from nine species of mosquitoes collected from June through August. Tensaw virus was isolated primarily from Anopheles species. Isolations were made in July, August, January, February, and April, suggesting that this virus may be present in host-seeking mosquitoes throughout the year. Mahogany Hammock, Shark River, Gumbo Limbo, and Pahayokee viruses were isolated primarily from Cx. cedecei from June through December. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to document that seven pools of Cx. cedecei were infected with two arboviruses. As communities expand into the Everglades, more humans will become exposed to arboviruses.

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Experimental Infection of the Cotton Mouse (Peromyscus Gossypinus) with Venezuelan Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Patterns of Abundance, Host Use, and Everglades Virus Infection in Culex (Melanoconion) cedecei Mosquitoes, Florida, USA

Patterns of Abundance, Host Use, and Everglades Virus Infection in Culex (Melanoconion) cedecei Mosquitoes, Florida, USA

Predicting potential transmission risk of Everglades virus in Florida using mosquito blood meal identifications

Seasonal Dynamics of Mosquito-Borne Viruses in the Southwestern Florida Everglades, 2016, 2017

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