Experimental infections in young red deer(Cervus elaphus)with a bovine and an ovine strain ofMycobacterium aviumsubspparatuberculosis

Abstract

The ovine strain of M. ptb used in this study was less virulent for red deer than the bovine strain. The correlation between dose of the bovine strain and the severity of lesions suggests that clinical Johne's disease in yearling red deer likely results from high oral challenge with a bovine strain whilst they are young. The minimum oral infective dose may be close to 10(3) cfu for this bovine strain.

Paratuberculosis or avian tuberculosis in red deer with chronic diarrhea?

“…First of all, clinical signs and lesions observed in deer with the multibacillary form of the disease match the lesion descriptions for cattle and small ruminants in multibacillary cases (Buergelt et al 1978, Clarke 1997, Huda and Jensen 2003, Gonzalez et al 2005, Mackintosh et al 2007. However, lesions in the large intestine with diffuse inflammatory infiltration and AFB was observed as well as multifocal granulomas in liver, probably due to more susceptibility of the deer or may be a more pathogenic Map strain.…”

“…On the other hand, in the study cases diffuse inflammatory infiltration in ileum was observed, instead of multifocal granulomas, which has been the main lesion described due to Map infection in deer (Mackintosh et al 2004, Mackintosh et al 2007, Balseiro et al 2008, Clark et al 2010. The latter may be due to the participation of several factors that could influence the immune response such as stage of infection, immunological status, age, animal susceptibility, infecting strain or breed (de Lisle et al 1993, Perez et al 1996, Clarke 1997, Mackintosh et al 2007, Balseiro et al 2008. In our opinion, that infection pressure, strain type and epidemiological story of the herd are the most important factors in the severity of the lesions.…”

“…Due to the close relation between wild and domestic animals in some areas, it is suggested that other wild and captive animal populations could be infected Infection by Map has also been described in wild and captive deer populations in many countries (de Lisle et al 1993, Power et al 1993, Fawcett et al 1995, Manning et al 1998, Godfroid et al 2000, Paolicchi et al 2001, Machackova-Kopecna et al 2005, van Kooten et al 2006, Mackintosh et al 2007. Since 1980, paratuberculosis has been an emergent problem in deer farming with important underestimated losses, mainly due to outbreaks of the clinical disease (Mackintosh et al 2002).…”

Pathological Findings in Young and Adult Sheep Following Experimental Infection With 2 Different Doses of Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis

“…This hypothesis has already been suggested by other authors, who established a correlation between the amount of the dose received and the severity of the infection induced, in ovine, 5,30,31 bovine, 39 or red deer. 29 Reddacliff and Whittington 36 reported that doses below 10 4 CFU were not high enough to induce a histologically and bacteriologically detectable infection in Merino sheep, although other authors have found evidence of infection using a dose of 10 3 CFU. 5,31 These discrepancies could be caused by the different strains of Map used in these studies, since variation on the pathogenicity depending on different Map strains has already been reported.…”

Differential Immune Responses of Red Deer ( Cervus elaphus ) following Experimental Challenge with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis

“…paratuberculosis of the bovine strain type isolated from M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected deer tissues without in vitro culturing, as described previously (17). For all sampling, blood was collected into 10-ml heparinized Vacutainers (Becton Dickinson) by jugular venipuncture with a single draw of blood.…”