Experimental investigation and correlations for proppant distribution in narrow fractures of deep shale gas reservoirs

Zhou, Hao; Jin, Yan; Qu, Hai; Lu, Yunhu

doi:10.1016/j.petsci.2021.10.019

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The reason for the decreases in the equilibrium height of the sand bed and the distribution area was that the fluid flow cross-section decreased with the increase in sand bed height and the contraction of the fracture width, resulting in a higher fluid flow velocity in the fracture at the same flow rate, which in turn led to less settling and transportation time of the proppant particles. In addition, compared to experiments conducted by Zeng et al [45] (using a flat-plat fracture with the length, height, and width of 1.5 𝑚 × 0.27 𝑚 × 3 𝑚𝑚), the height of the flat-plate fracture in the present study was almost tripled (i.e., 110 cm), which is closer to the actual situation. With the increase in fracture height, the free settling time of the proppant particles extended, and the proppant particles rapidly settled and filled under their own gravity.…”

Section: Proppant Migration Pattern In Long Narrow Fractures In Deep ...supporting

confidence: 75%

“…Currently, there are many characterization parameters for the study of sand bed morphology. [43][44][45] The present study uses three characterization parameters-sand bed front edge slope, equilibrium height, and coverage area-to provide a relatively complete description of sand bed morphology in fractures. The equilibrium height and coverage area are presented as follows:…”

Section: Proppant Migration Pattern In Long Narrow Fractures In Deep ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Physical simulation study of proppant settling and migration within deep shale narrow fractures

Lin,

Zhang,

Yang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Hydraulic fracturing is an important technology in shale gas reservoir development. Effective improvement of proppant sanding in the “long narrow fracture” in deep shale reservoirs is important. In this study, based on the simulation of long narrow fractures in deep shale reservoirs with a flat plate experimental setup, we conducted comparative experiments with various parameters (e.g., fracturing fluid viscosity, injection pump flow rate, proppant particle size, sand concentration, fracture width, and proppant type) to understand the settlement and migration pattern of the proppant particles in the long narrow fractures in deep shale reservoirs. The results showed that, compared to that in wide fractures, under the same conditions, the sand bed formed by proppant particles in the long narrow fracture in deep shale has a smaller front edge slope and lower height difference between the front and end of the sand bed, resulting in a more even and smooth overall sanding of proppant particles. In the long narrow fractures in deep shale, the percentage of the area of the sand bed at the outlet end to the area of the whole sand bed increases with fracturing fluid viscosity and the injection pump flow rate, while it is less influenced by the sand concentration. The micro-sized proppant particles also promote the placement of the sand bed at the outlet end and are more conducive to the overall uniform placement of the sand bed. The contracting width of the long narrow fracture in deep shale has no significant effect on the placement of the sand bed in the fracture in front of the contraction, but it impedes the proppant particle flow distribution in the fracture behind the contraction. The coverage area and equilibrium height of the sand bed after the contraction decreased, and the overall sanding was more even. However, the amount of settled proppant decreased, increasing the difficulty of effective fracture support in deep shale reservoir fractures. The results of this experimental research provide strong support to the reforming design of fracturing in deep shale reservoirs.

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Section: Proppant Migration Pattern In Long Narrow Fractures In Deep ...supporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Proppant Migration Pattern In Long Narrow Fractures In Deep ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical simulation study of proppant settling and migration within deep shale narrow fractures

Lin,

Zhang,

Yang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…It is possible to come across some studies in the literature where nanomaterials are used as drilling mud additives. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Özkan et al, 13 stated that as a result of their studies in which they added graphene, graphene oxide and AuNPS/GO to drilling mud, both rheological and filtration properties of drilling mud were improved. In the study conducted by Özkan et al, 14 they examined the impact of functionalized zinc oxide nanoparticle material on multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and water-based drilling mud.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of AgNPs@AuNPs/GO’s Impact on Water-Based Drilling Muds and Comparison with Graphane, GO, AuNPs/GO’s Effects: Labs Research

Özkan,

Tıknas

2024

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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We investigateed the effect of AgNPs@AuNPs/GO on the rheological and filtration properties of sodium-bentonite water based drilling muds (Na-bentonite WBDM) and compared the possible effects of graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and graphene oxide functionalized with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/GO) on Na-bentonite WBDM. Graphene, AuNPs, AgNPs, GO, AuNPs/GO, and AgNPs@AuNPs/GO were initially synthesized, and subsequently subjected to scanning electron microscopy, tranmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, reflection absoprtion infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization. At a rate of 0.0005% to 0.01% (w/v), synthesized and described nanoparticles were added to Na-bentonite WBDM. Rheological and filtration loss analyses of the nanomaterial-containing Na-bentonite WBDM were then performed following American Petroleum Institute Standards. According to the study’s findings, adding graphene and AgNPs/GO to drilling mud at varying rates did not have any influence on PV values when compared to spud mud; however, adding GO and AgNPs@AuNPs/GO had a positive effect of 67% and 33%. Furthermore, the addition of graphene, GO, AuNPs/GO, and AgNPs@AuNPs/GO increased the AV values by 17.6%, 44%, 18.75%, 26%, YP values; by 44.4%, 44%, 30%, 22%, 10 s values; by 55.5%, 33%, 30%, 66.6%, 10 min values; by 30.7%, 43%, 42%, 46%, filtration loss values; by 10%, 9.52%, 8.4%, 3.84%.

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“…3 Therefore; It has been observed that the properties of drilling muds are improved by adding nano and micro-sized materials. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Özkan et al (2021), 13 when they investigated the effect of multi-walled carbon nano tube functionalized with zinc oxide nanoparticle material on water-based drilling mud, in their study, drilling mud with the addition of ZnONPs/MWCNTs; the plastic viscosity value increased by 42.8%, the apparent viscosity value increased by 31.6%, the yield point value increased by 28%, the 10 s and 10 min values increased by 22% and 25%, the cake thickness value increased by 38.9%, and the filtration loss value decreased by 13.8%. Özkan, A., in (2020); 14 investigated the possible effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes containing gold nanoparticles by adding them to water-based drilling mud at different rates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Innovative Experimental Study on Improving the Rheological Properties of Na-Bentonite Water Based Drilling Muds using Graphene, Graphene Oxide and Graphene Oxide Functionalized with Gold Nanoparticles

Özkan¹,

TIKNAS²,

Özkan³

2022

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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We aimed to improve the rheological properties of water based drilling muds (WBDM) by graphene, graphene oxide (GO), and graphene oxide functionalized with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs/GO) at 0.0005-0.01 (% w/v) ratios. For this purpose, AuNPs, graphene, GO, and AuNPs/GO were first synthesized, and then characterized by scanning electron microscopy, tunneling electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Synthesized and characterized nanomaterials were added to WBDM at a rate of 0.0005% to 0.01% (w/v), and finally, rheological and filtration loss analyzes of water based drilling muds containing nanomaterials were carried out according to American Petroleum Institute Standards. By using nanomaterials to improve the properties of water based drilling mud, plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, yield point, and gel strength (10 s and 10 min), increased by 67%, 44%, 44%, 67% and 50%, respectively, and at the same time, the filtration loss value decreased by 14%.

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Experimental investigation and correlations for proppant distribution in narrow fractures of deep shale gas reservoirs

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Physical simulation study of proppant settling and migration within deep shale narrow fractures

Physical simulation study of proppant settling and migration within deep shale narrow fractures

Analysis of AgNPs@AuNPs/GO’s Impact on Water-Based Drilling Muds and Comparison with Graphane, GO, AuNPs/GO’s Effects: Labs Research

An Innovative Experimental Study on Improving the Rheological Properties of Na-Bentonite Water Based Drilling Muds using Graphene, Graphene Oxide and Graphene Oxide Functionalized with Gold Nanoparticles

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