Experimental investigation and modelling of the mechanical properties of palm oil fuel ash concrete using Scheffe’s method
Godwin Adie Akeke,
Philip-Edidiong Udo Inem,
George Uwadiegwu Alaneme
et al.
Abstract:This study explores the enhancement of mechanical properties in concrete blended with palm oil fuel ash (POFA) through Scheffe's optimization. The utilization of POFA as supplementary cementitious material in concrete has gained attention for its potential environmental benefits. Utilizing a (5,2) simplex-lattice design, a systematic approach is employed for optimizing mixture proportions based on response parameters. The laboratory tests to evaluate concrete's mechanical behavior were conducted using the comp… Show more
“…At the point of ultimate load, the control specimens underwent brittle failure, breaking into two distinct pieces. In contrast, the PCB fibre-reinforced concrete specimens did not exhibit brittle failure and remained intact without separating into two halves 42 , 43 . Figure 4 Tensile strength of PCB and SFPCB fibre-reinforced concrete mixes.…”
This research goal is to appraise the effect of electronic waste on concrete properties by examining the mechanical properties of concrete reinforced with waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). PCB fibres, each 50 mm long, were mixed in varying proportions (1–5% by weight of cement). Silica fume (SF) was used as a 12% weight replacement for cement to conserve the properties of PCB fibre-reinforced concrete while tumbling cement consumption. Following a 28-day curing period, the fresh and hardened characteristics of PCB fibre-reinforced concrete were juxtaposed with those of conventional concrete. The experimental results led to the conclusion that 5% by weight of cement is the most effective proportion of PCB fibres to include in both PCB fibre-reinforced concrete and silica fume-modified PCB fibre-reinforced concrete. The addition of PCB fibres and silica fume significantly increased the mechanical strength of the concrete, making it suitable for high-strength concrete applications. Based on a similar investigational research design, an artificial neural network model was created, and it played a critical role in predicting the mechanical properties of the concrete. The model produced accurate results, with an R-squared (R2) value greater than 0.99.
“…At the point of ultimate load, the control specimens underwent brittle failure, breaking into two distinct pieces. In contrast, the PCB fibre-reinforced concrete specimens did not exhibit brittle failure and remained intact without separating into two halves 42 , 43 . Figure 4 Tensile strength of PCB and SFPCB fibre-reinforced concrete mixes.…”
This research goal is to appraise the effect of electronic waste on concrete properties by examining the mechanical properties of concrete reinforced with waste printed circuit boards (PCBs). PCB fibres, each 50 mm long, were mixed in varying proportions (1–5% by weight of cement). Silica fume (SF) was used as a 12% weight replacement for cement to conserve the properties of PCB fibre-reinforced concrete while tumbling cement consumption. Following a 28-day curing period, the fresh and hardened characteristics of PCB fibre-reinforced concrete were juxtaposed with those of conventional concrete. The experimental results led to the conclusion that 5% by weight of cement is the most effective proportion of PCB fibres to include in both PCB fibre-reinforced concrete and silica fume-modified PCB fibre-reinforced concrete. The addition of PCB fibres and silica fume significantly increased the mechanical strength of the concrete, making it suitable for high-strength concrete applications. Based on a similar investigational research design, an artificial neural network model was created, and it played a critical role in predicting the mechanical properties of the concrete. The model produced accurate results, with an R-squared (R2) value greater than 0.99.
“…GPC also offers environmental benefits by utilizing industrial by-products, reducing carbon dioxide emissions and improved resistance to chemical attack compared to conventional concrete. Overall, while both materials are essential in construction, GPC presents a promising alternative with improved performance and sustainability characteristics 41 , 42 . Figure 2 Assessing the Properties of 1m 3 of PCC and GPC 37 .…”
The development of geopolymer concrete offers promising prospects for sustainable construction practices due to its reduced environmental impact compared to conventional Portland cement concrete. However, the complexity involved in geopolymer concrete mix design often poses challenges for engineers and practitioners. In response, this study proposes a simplified approach for designing geopolymer concrete mixtures, drawing upon principles from Portland cement concrete mix design standards and recommended molar ratios of oxides involved in geopolymer synthesis. The proposed methodology aims to streamline the mix design process while optimizing key factors such as chemical composition, alkali activation solution, water content, and curing conditions to achieve desired compressive strength and workability. By leveraging commonalities between Portland cement concrete and geopolymer concrete, this approach seeks to facilitate the adoption of geopolymer concrete in practical construction applications. The proposed mix design guidelines have been validated through examples for concrete cured under different conditions, including outdoor and oven curing. Future research should focus on validating the proposed methodology through experimental studies and exploring cost-effective alternatives for alkali activation solutions to enhance the feasibility and scalability of geopolymer concrete production. Overall, the proposed simplified approach holds promise for advancing the utilization of geopolymer concrete as a sustainable alternative in the construction industry.
“…ANOVA helps determine if there are statistically significant differences in the means of mechanical properties (response) based on various factors like aggregate sizes, proportions of laterite, w/c and slump as shown in Tables 8 , 9 , and 10 for compressive strength, flexural strength and splitting tensile strength respectively. By partitioning the total variability into components attributed to different sources of variation, ANOVA helps to identify which factors have the most substantial impact on the concrete's mechanical strength performance 80 , 81 . The obtained computation results showed that there is statistical significance between the variables at a 95% confidence interval with a P value of 0.047, 0.023 and 0.013 for compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strength respectively which is less than the critical value of 0.05.…”
Section: Results Discussion and Analysismentioning
Due to the high costs of traditional concrete materials in Nigeria, such as river sand, there is an increasing demand to explore alternative materials like laterite for fine aggregates. Although laterite is abundant in Nigeria, its full potential in the construction industry remains untapped. Previous studies have shown that partially replacing river sand with laterite produces concrete with competitive strength properties. This research aims to validate and extend these findings, evaluating the impact of different aggregate sizes (12 mm, 20 mm, and 40 mm) on the strength of concrete with 10% and 25% laterite replacements for fine aggregate. Results revealed that as the laterite percentage increased, compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths decreased. While 0% and 10% laterite replacements met the required strength, the mix with 25% laterite fell short. Increasing maximum coarse aggregate size led to higher strengths, with 40 mm sizes exhibiting the highest, and 12 mm the lowest. Compressive strengths ranged from 22.1 to 37.6 N/mm2, flexural strengths from 4.07 to 5.99 N/mm2 and split-tensile strengths from 2.93 to 4.30 N/mm2. This research highlights the need for meticulous mix design adjustments when using laterite, balancing workability with strength objectives. The developed regression models offer a valuable tool for predicting concrete properties based on mix parameters, providing insights for optimizing laterized concrete designs across diverse construction applications and supporting sustainable building practices.
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